{"id":2293,"date":"2023-11-16T23:34:26","date_gmt":"2023-11-16T20:34:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.felsefidusun.com\/?page_id=2293"},"modified":"2024-05-13T16:41:13","modified_gmt":"2024-05-13T13:41:13","slug":"fd_21-cumhuriyet-ve-felsefe","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.felsefidusun.com\/?page_id=2293","title":{"rendered":"fd_21 Cumhuriyet ve Felsefe"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0);background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 0px;border-color:var(--awb-color3);border-style:solid;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start\" style=\"max-width:1144px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_4 1_4 fusion-flex-column\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><div ><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-1 hover-type-none\"><img width=\"254\" height=\"300\" title=\"Say\u0131:21 Cumhuriyet \/Ekim\u201923\" src=\"http:\/\/www.felsefidusun.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/21-book-254x300.jpg\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-2291\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.felsefidusun.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/21-book-200x236.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.felsefidusun.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/21-book-400x472.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.felsefidusun.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/21-book-600x708.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.felsefidusun.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/21-book-800x944.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.felsefidusun.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/21-book-1200x1416.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.felsefidusun.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/21-book.jpg 2040w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><p><strong style=\"font-size: 14px;\" data-fusion-font=\"true\">Felsefi D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn Say\u0131: 21 &#8211; Cumhuriyet ve Felsefe \/ Ekim 2023<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong style=\"font-size: 14px;\" data-fusion-font=\"true\">Say\u0131 Edit\u00f6r\u00fc: Eylem YOLSAL MURTEZA (K\u0131rklareli \u00dcniversitesi)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><div ><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-2 hover-type-none\"><a class=\"fusion-no-lightbox\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kitapyurdu.com\/dergi\/felsefi-dusun-sayi21-cumhuriyet-ve-felsefe\/667430.html\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"shopiconred\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img width=\"40\" height=\"38\" src=\"http:\/\/www.felsefidusun.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/shopiconred-e1657631675159.png\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-1882\"\/><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-has-icon\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:7px;margin-bottom:7px;width:100%;max-width:%80;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"border-color:#000000;border-top-width:1px;\"><\/div><span class=\"icon-wrapper\" style=\"border-color:#000000;background-color:#000000;font-size:16px;width: 1.75em; height: 1.75em;border-width:1px;padding:1px;margin-top:-0.5px\"><i class=\"fa-align-justify fas\" style=\"font-size: inherit;color:var(--awb-color3);\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"border-color:#000000;border-top-width:1px;\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\"><p><em><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\" data-fusion-font=\"true\">Makalelerin \u00f6zetleri ve anahtar kelimeleri i\u00e7in l\u00fctfen ilgili makalenin ismi \u00fczerine t\u0131klay\u0131n\u0131z.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-0{width:25% !important;margin-top : 0px;margin-bottom : 20px;}.fusion-builder-column-0 > .fusion-column-wrapper {padding-top : 0px !important;padding-right : 0px !important;margin-right : 7.68%;padding-bottom : 0px !important;padding-left : 0px !important;margin-left : 7.68%;}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-0{width:25% !important;order : 0;}.fusion-builder-column-0 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 7.68%;margin-left : 7.68%;}}@media only screen and (max-width:640px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-0{width:100% !important;order : 0;}.fusion-builder-column-0 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}<\/style><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_3_4 3_4 fusion-flex-column\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-3\"><h3 style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>MAKALELER<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">#accordion-2293-1 .fusion-panel:hover{ border-color: var(--awb-color3) } #accordion-2293-1 .fusion-panel { border-color:var(--awb-color3); }.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2293-1 .panel-title a .fa-fusion-box{ color: #000000;}.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2293-1 .panel-title a .fa-fusion-box:before{ font-size: 12px; width: 12px;}.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2293-1 .panel-title a{font-size:18px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--awb-color8);font-family:Garamond, serif;font-weight:400;}.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2293-1 .toggle-content{font-size:16px;color:var(--awb-color8);font-family:Garamond, serif;font-weight:400;}.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2293-1 .panel-title a:not(.active):hover, #accordion-2293-1 .fusion-toggle-boxed-mode:hover .panel-title a { color: var(--awb-color5);}.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2293-1 .fusion-toggle-boxed-mode:hover .panel-title a .fa-fusion-box{ color: var(--awb-color5);}.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2293-1.fusion-toggle-icon-unboxed .fusion-panel .panel-title a:not(.active):hover .fa-fusion-box{ color: var(--awb-color5) !important;}<\/style><div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-unboxed\" id=\"accordion-2293-1\"><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2293-1 .panel-28b7f59763ef4dab2 .panel-title a{color:var(--awb-color8);}.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2293-1 .panel-28b7f59763ef4dab2 .toggle-content{color:var(--awb-color8);}<\/style><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-28b7f59763ef4dab2\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_28b7f59763ef4dab2\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"28b7f59763ef4dab2\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-2293-1\" data-target=\"#28b7f59763ef4dab2\" href=\"#28b7f59763ef4dab2\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-minus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-plus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Cumhuriyet Teorileri Kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Carl Schmitt'in Konumu \/ M. Ertan KARDE\u015e<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"28b7f59763ef4dab2\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" araia-labelledby=\"toggle_28b7f59763ef4dab2\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p><strong><span class=\"fontstyle0\">\u00d6zet<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"fontstyle1\">Carl Schmitt\u2019in uluslararas\u0131 al\u0131mlamas\u0131, onun farkl\u0131 tarihsel konjonkt\u00fcrlerde kullan\u0131m\u0131 olmayan siyaset bilimi, felsefe ve hukuk terimlerinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kavramlar \u00fcretmesiyle g\u00fc\u00e7lenmektedir. Farkl\u0131 disiplinlerde mevcut bulunan cumhuriyet ve demokrasi ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 Alman hukuk\u00e7unun nazar\u0131nda kendisine \u00f6zg\u00fc ba\u015fka bir teorik \u00e7er\u00e7eveyle ele al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. Schmitt\u2019in cumhuriyetten ne anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmek ve di\u011fer cumhuriyet\u00e7ilik tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na olan konumunu kavramak i\u00e7in onun <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">Anayasa Teorisi (Doktrini) <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle1\">(<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">Verfassungslehre<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle1\">, 1928)<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">, Roma Katolikli\u011fi ve Politik Form (Bi\u00e7im) <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle1\">(<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">R\u00f6mischer Katholizismus und politische Form<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle1\">, 1923) ve <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">Diktat\u00f6rl\u00fck <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle1\">(<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">Die Diktatur<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle1\">, 1921) kitaplar\u0131na ba\u015fvurulmu\u015ftur. Schmitt\u2019in \u00f6ncelikle iki z\u0131t temsil kavram\u0131na ba\u015fvurdu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Schmitt kendisinin temsil\u201d[1] olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7le modern d\u00fcnyada temsil[2] olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan pratik aras\u0131nda bir ayr\u0131ma gider. Ona g\u00f6re modern d\u00fcnya temsil kayb\u0131 ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. Ger\u00e7ek temsil, kamusall\u0131k ve sahici bir evrensellik yarat\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. Politik bi\u00e7imler, sahici temsil mekanizmalar\u0131 olarak, bir halk\u0131n kimli\u011fini var edebilecek yeg\u00e2ne mekanizmalard\u0131r. Schmitt\u2019e g\u00f6re cumhuriyet, liberal olmayan ancak demokrasiyi kendi mevcudiyeti sayesinde m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lan bir politik bi\u00e7imdir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span class=\"fontstyle0\">Anahtar Kelimeler<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"fontstyle1\"><strong>:<\/strong> Carl Schmitt, cumhuriyet, demokrasi, temsil, politik bi\u00e7im.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2293-1 .panel-5f3d3dcfbc614c13d .panel-title a{color:var(--awb-color8);}.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2293-1 .panel-5f3d3dcfbc614c13d .toggle-content{color:var(--awb-color8);}<\/style><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-5f3d3dcfbc614c13d\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_5f3d3dcfbc614c13d\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"5f3d3dcfbc614c13d\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-2293-1\" data-target=\"#5f3d3dcfbc614c13d\" href=\"#5f3d3dcfbc614c13d\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-minus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-plus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Montesquieu'de Bir Y\u00f6netim \u015eekli Olarak Erdemli Cumhuriyet Yerine Il\u0131ml\u0131 Monar\u015fi \/ I\u015f\u0131l \u00c7E\u015eMEL\u0130<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"5f3d3dcfbc614c13d\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" araia-labelledby=\"toggle_5f3d3dcfbc614c13d\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p><strong>\u00a0<span class=\"fontstyle0\">\u00d6zet<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"fontstyle1\">Ayd\u0131nlanma d\u00f6neminde radikal bir siyasi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kan cumhuriyet\u00e7ilik Charles Louis de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu\u2019n\u00fcn eserlerinde radikal taraf\u0131 t\u00f6rp\u00fclenmi\u015f \u015fekilde s\u0131kl\u0131kla erdemle ili\u015fkisi kurularak ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fransa\u2019n\u0131n mutlak monar\u015fisine kar\u015f\u0131 bir alternatif olarak ortaya koyulan cumhuriyeti karakterize eden g\u00fc\u00e7ler ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, siyasi ve bireysel \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck gibi bir\u00e7ok unsuru kendi deyi\u015fiyle \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin karma y\u00f6netiminde bulmu\u015ftur. Klasik cumhuriyetlere atfedilen erdemler, modern ticari toplumlar\u0131n y\u00fckseli\u015fiyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan zenginlik ve l\u00fcksle birlikte yerini bireysel \u00e7\u0131kar ve para h\u0131rs\u0131na b\u0131rak\u0131r. Montesquieu i\u00e7in bu, cumhuriyetin \u00f6n\u00fcnde a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 neredeyse imk\u00e2ns\u0131z bir engeldir. Bu nedenle, Montesquieu\u2019n\u00fcn \u00f6zlemi klasik cumhuriyetleredir. Onun i\u00e7in cumhuriyet, nostaljiden \u00f6teye gitmeyecek bir y\u00f6netim bi\u00e7imidir. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n amac\u0131, ilkin Montesquieu\u2019n\u00fcn <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">Kanunlar\u0131n Ruhu<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle1\">\u2019nda ortaya koydu\u011fu y\u00f6netim \u015fekillerinin do\u011fas\u0131 ve ilkesi \u00fczerinden cumhuriyeti konumland\u0131rmakt\u0131r. Cumhuriyetleri ayakta tutan erdemler ve cumhuriyetlerin sonunu haz\u0131rlayan siyasi ve ahlaki yozla\u015fma nedenleri <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">\u0130ran Mektuplar\u0131<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle1\">, <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">Romal\u0131lar\u0131n Y\u00fccelik ve \u00c7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn Nedenleri \u00dczerine D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle1\">ve <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle3\">Kanunlar\u0131n Ruhu <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle1\">\u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ortaya koyulacakt\u0131r. Son olarak ticaretin beraberinde gelen zenginlik ve l\u00fcks konusunda Montesquieu\u2019n\u00fcn tutumu tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lacak ve ticari toplumlarla ili\u015fkilendirdi\u011fi y\u00f6netim \u015feklinin ne oldu\u011fu g\u00f6sterilecektir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span class=\"fontstyle0\">Anahtar Kelimeler: <\/span><\/strong><span class=\"fontstyle1\">Montesquieu, cumhuriyet, erdem, ticaret, zenginlik, l\u00fcks.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2293-1 .panel-f8243aabaa474f555 .panel-title a{color:var(--awb-color8);}.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2293-1 .panel-f8243aabaa474f555 .toggle-content{color:var(--awb-color8);}<\/style><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-f8243aabaa474f555\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_f8243aabaa474f555\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"f8243aabaa474f555\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-2293-1\" data-target=\"#f8243aabaa474f555\" href=\"#f8243aabaa474f555\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-minus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-plus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f Demokrasi Teorilerinden Cumhuriyete Bakmak: \u00c7at\u0131\u015fma ve Uzla\u015fma Geriliminde Kamusall\u0131k \/ Zeynep SAVA\u015e\u00c7IN<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"f8243aabaa474f555\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" araia-labelledby=\"toggle_f8243aabaa474f555\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p><strong><span class=\"fontstyle0\">\u00d6zet<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"fontstyle1\">G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde siyaset felsefesi alan\u0131ndaki tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 belirleyen teorilere bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, \u00e7o\u011fulcu ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 d\u0131\u015flamayan bir kamusal alan ve kamusal m\u00fczakere meselelerinin ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz bi\u00e7imde bu tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n merkezine yerle\u015fti\u011fini fark ederiz. Bir yandan giderek s\u00f6n\u00fcmlenen ve giderek oy verme eylemiyle s\u0131n\u0131rlanan bir yurtta\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeniden aktif hale getirmenin imkanlar\u0131n\u0131, insan haklar\u0131na dayal\u0131 bir yurtta\u015fl\u0131k anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7inden ortaya koymaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bu teoriler, di\u011fer yandan bize demokrasinin paradoksal do\u011fas\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlat\u0131rlar ve onu kesinlik ifade eden bir hedef, bir nihai uzla\u015fma durumu olarak de\u011fil, \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma ve uzla\u015fma aras\u0131ndaki gerilimin s\u00fcrekli olarak deneyimlendi\u011fi bir toplumsal \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015fme ve adalet dinami\u011fi olarak a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131rlar. Bu makale, demokrasiyi insan haklar\u0131 ile yurtta\u015fl\u0131k aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011fa ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma-uzla\u015fma gerilimine odaklanarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen Etienne Balibar ve Catherine Colliot Th\u00e9l\u00e8ne\u2019in teorilerini ele alarak, bu teorilerde ortaya konan yurtta\u015fl\u0131k anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n bize cumhuriyeti yeniden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek konusunda nas\u0131l bir yol g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi \u00fczerine bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce tasla\u011f\u0131 olu\u015fturmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span class=\"fontstyle0\">Anahtar Kelimeler: <\/span><\/strong><span class=\"fontstyle1\">\u00c9tienne Balibar, Catherine Colliot-Th\u00e9l\u00e8ne, insan haklar\u0131, yurtta\u015fl\u0131k, cumhuriyet.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2293-1 .panel-4043f532771a9267e .panel-title a{color:var(--awb-color8);}.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2293-1 .panel-4043f532771a9267e .toggle-content{color:var(--awb-color8);}<\/style><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-4043f532771a9267e\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_4043f532771a9267e\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"4043f532771a9267e\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-2293-1\" data-target=\"#4043f532771a9267e\" href=\"#4043f532771a9267e\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-minus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-plus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Machiavelli\u2019nin\u2018Cumhuriyet\u2019inde Din \/ Zeki AKTA\u015e<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"4043f532771a9267e\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" araia-labelledby=\"toggle_4043f532771a9267e\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<h2><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">\u00d6zet<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"fontstyle1\">Machiavelli, siyasal alan\u0131 dinsel paradigman\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ve olabildi\u011fince bilimsel bir temelde ele almas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan modern siyaset teorisinin kurucusu say\u0131l\u0131r. Machiavelli\u2019nin teorisi \u00e7o\u011funlukla tarihsel olaylar ve R\u00f6nesans D\u00f6nemi \u0130talya\u2019s\u0131n\u0131n mevcut siyasal yap\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerinden hareket eden, dini ve ahlaki bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 d\u0131\u015far\u0131da tutan realist bir siyaset yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7erir. Siyasal alan\u0131 dini ve ahlaki bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerinden de\u011ferlendiren geleneksel yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 tasfiye etmeye giri\u015fen Machiavelli, dini ve ahlaki kurumlar\u0131n siyasal otoriteye ortak olamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, aksine bunlar\u0131n siyasal otoritenin hizmetinde olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini ilan etmi\u015ftir. Machiavelli bunlardan \u00f6zellikle dinin, manevi boyutuyla ilgilenmemekle birlikte, siyasal alandaki pratik faydas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nemsemi\u015f ve siyasal otoritenin onu kendi nam\u0131na kullanmas\u0131n\u0131 makul, hatta zorunlu g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Nitekim bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma Machiavelli\u2019nin tarif etti\u011fi \u015fekliyle cumhuriyet y\u00f6netimi ba\u011flam\u0131nda dinin anlam ve i\u015flevini ortaya koymay\u0131 ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n ilk b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde Machiavelli\u2019nin cumhuriyet anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, ikinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde ise dinin cumhuriyet y\u00f6netimindeki anlam\u0131 ve i\u015flevi tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sonu\u00e7 olarak Machiavelli\u2019ye g\u00f6re bir din yurtta\u015fl\u0131k erdemlerini, \u00fclke sevgisini ve \u00f6zg\u00fcr ya\u015fama iste\u011fini te\u015fvik eder nitelikte olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k monar\u015finin veya cumhuriyetin y\u00f6netenleri de manevi hakikati ne olursa olsun dini g\u00f6zetmeli, dahas\u0131 bu ba\u011flamda halk\u0131n g\u00f6z\u00fcnden d\u00fc\u015fmemelidir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu bireysel tercihlerin \u00f6tesine uzanan siyasal bir fayda meselesidir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span class=\"fontstyle0\">Anahtar Kelimeler: <\/span><\/strong><span class=\"fontstyle1\">Machiavelli, siyaset, din, monar\u015fi, cumhuriyet.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2293-1 .panel-5564a77efed6920b4 .panel-title a{color:var(--awb-color8);}.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2293-1 .panel-5564a77efed6920b4 .toggle-content{color:var(--awb-color8);}<\/style><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-5564a77efed6920b4\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_5564a77efed6920b4\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"5564a77efed6920b4\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-2293-1\" data-target=\"#5564a77efed6920b4\" href=\"#5564a77efed6920b4\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-minus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-plus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Jean-Jacques Rousseau'nun Siyaset Teorisinin Cumhuriyetin Modernle\u015fme S\u00fcrecine Etkisi \/ Rabia CAN PAMUK<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"5564a77efed6920b4\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" araia-labelledby=\"toggle_5564a77efed6920b4\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p><strong>\u00d6zet<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"fontstyle0\">Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada Jean-Jacques Rousseau\u2019nun siyaset teorisinin cumhuriyetin modernle\u015fme s\u00fcrecine etki eden temel arg\u00fcmanlar\u0131, <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle2\">Toplum S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi (The Contrat Social) <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">adl\u0131 eserinden yola \u00e7\u0131k\u0131larak ele al\u0131nacakt\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda Rousseau\u2019nun siyaset felsefesine ili\u015fkin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri cumhuriyet\u00e7ilik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle ili\u015fkilendirilerek ortaya konulacakt\u0131r. 18. y\u00fczy\u0131l romantik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr ve yazar\u0131 olan Rousseau, i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu Ayd\u0131nlanma \u00c7a\u011f\u0131\u2019na ve cumhuriyet\u00e7i d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceye ahlaksal, toplumsal ve siyasal d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleriyle y\u00f6n vermi\u015ftir. Rousseau\u2019nun eserlerine bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda onun siyaset teorisine giden yol ba\u011flam\u0131nda temel \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f noktas\u0131n\u0131n insan\u0131n ne oldu\u011funa y\u00f6nelik tespitleri ve incelemeleri oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz. Bu noktada Rousseau, insan benli\u011finin ak\u0131ldan daha ziyade duygulara daha e\u011filimli oldu\u011funu ifade eder. Bu ba\u011flamda Rousseau, kendi d\u00f6nemini ele\u015ftirel bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131yla inceleyerek e\u015fitlik\u00e7i ve \u00f6zg\u00fcr bir toplumun olu\u015fabilmesi i\u00e7in olmas\u0131 gereken sosyal yap\u0131n\u0131n olanaklar\u0131n\u0131 \u2018insan\u2019 fenomeninden yola \u00e7\u0131karak incelemi\u015ftir. Buradan hareketle Rousseau\u2019nun <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle2\">Toplum S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">adl\u0131 eserinde temel kayg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n, iyi ve adil bir y\u00f6netimin ak\u0131lsal ilke ve gerek\u00e7elerini ortaya koymak oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir. Rousseau\u2019nun bu eserinde yer alan \u2018genel irade\u2019 kavram\u0131 onun siyaset teorisinin \u00f6zg\u00fcn bir kavram\u0131 olarak merkezinde yer almaktad\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 zamanda Rousseau, cumhuriyet\u00e7ili\u011fi modern anlamda kuracak \u00f6\u011feleri de bu kavram temelinde in\u015fa etmi\u015ftir. Ona g\u00f6re, \u2018genel irade\u2019, do\u011fa durumunda \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve e\u015fitli\u011fi kaybolan insan\u0131n bu temel sorununu \u00e7\u00f6zecek kavram olmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da toplumsal s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin temel arac\u0131 ve kurucu \u00f6\u011fesidir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"fontstyle0\"><strong><span class=\"fontstyle2\">Anahtar Kelimeler<\/span>:<\/strong> Cumhuriyet, Rousseau, siyaset teorisi, toplum s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, genel irade, e\u015fitlik, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2293-1 .panel-aa0633e028bc81bfb .panel-title a{color:var(--awb-color8);}.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2293-1 .panel-aa0633e028bc81bfb .toggle-content{color:var(--awb-color8);}<\/style><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-aa0633e028bc81bfb\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_aa0633e028bc81bfb\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"aa0633e028bc81bfb\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-2293-1\" data-target=\"#aa0633e028bc81bfb\" href=\"#aa0633e028bc81bfb\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-minus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-plus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">T\u00fcrk\u00e7e Felsefede \u2018Mek\u00e2n' Kavram\u0131n\u0131n Yerini Belirlemek \/ Abdullah BA\u015eARAN<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"aa0633e028bc81bfb\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" araia-labelledby=\"toggle_aa0633e028bc81bfb\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p><strong>\u00d6zet<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"fontstyle0\">20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131ndan bu yana h\u0131zla ilerleyen ve art\u0131k takip edilemez boyutlara varan teknolojik geli\u015fmeler ve enformasyon art\u0131\u015f\u0131, mek\u00e2na dair \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 da fazlas\u0131yla etkilemi\u015f ve tek anlaml\u0131 ya da homojen mek\u00e2n tasavvurlar\u0131ndan \u00e7o\u011ful bir mek\u00e2na ya da mek\u00e2nlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fullu\u011funa sebebiyet vermi\u015ftir. Bir \u2018yer ve mek\u00e2n art\u0131\u015f\u0131\u2019 olarak bu \u00e7e\u015fitlenme ve heterojenlik, felsefe ve sosyal bilimler i\u00e7in de olduk\u00e7a merkezi bir konum edinir. T\u00fcrk\u00e7e, zannedilenin aksine, bu \u00e7o\u011fulluk ve \u00e7e\u015fitlenmeyi kar\u015f\u0131layabilecek pek \u00e7ok kelime ve k\u00f6ke sahipken, felsefecilere d\u00fc\u015fen de bu farkl\u0131 kavramlara a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k getirmek, birbirinden ay\u0131rmak, her birinin ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 yerini belirlemek olabilir. Bu makale de geli\u015fimi ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc ayn\u0131 zamanda Cumhuriyet d\u00f6nemine tekab\u00fcl eden \u201cmek\u00e2n\u201d kavram\u0131n\u0131n di\u011fer kavramlardan farkl\u0131 ve kendine \u00f6zel konumunu tespit etmeyi ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r: \u201cMek\u00e2n\u201d ve ilgili di\u011fer mek\u00e2nsal terimlerin Cumhuriyet d\u00f6nemi T\u00fcrk\u00e7e telif ve \u00e7eviri felsefe eserlerinde nas\u0131l ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, nelerin hangi ama\u00e7la tercih edildi\u011fini \u00f6rnekleriyle ortaya koydu\u011fumuz ve de\u011ferlendirdi\u011fimiz bu makalenin temel iddias\u0131, harf devrimi sonras\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7ele\u015ftirme ser\u00fcvenleri ve bir felsefe dilinin in\u015fas\u0131 giri\u015fimlerinde \u201cuzay\u201d, \u201cuzam\u201d ve \u00f6zellikle \u201cyer\u201d ile kurulan girift ili\u015fkiler a\u011f\u0131nda \u201cmek\u00e2n\u201d\u0131n, kapsay\u0131c\u0131, ku\u015fat\u0131c\u0131 ya da genel bir kavramdan \u00e7ok, hi\u00e7bir anlam bo\u015flu\u011funa mahal b\u0131rakmayacak \u015fekilde her yeri tutan, s\u0131k\u0131la\u015ft\u0131ran bir kavrama benzedi\u011fidir. Buna g\u00f6re \u201cmek\u00e2n\u201d kavram\u0131, uzam, uzay ve yer anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n t\u00fcm bo\u015fluklar\u0131n\u0131 ve gediklerini kendi maharetince kapatabilmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span class=\"fontstyle2\">Anahtar Kelimeler: <\/span><\/strong><span class=\"fontstyle0\">Mek\u00e2n, yer, uzam, uzay, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e felsefe yapmak.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2293-1 .panel-63ec911cc398ccad6 .panel-title a{color:var(--awb-color8);}.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2293-1 .panel-63ec911cc398ccad6 .toggle-content{color:var(--awb-color8);}<\/style><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-63ec911cc398ccad6\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_63ec911cc398ccad6\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"63ec911cc398ccad6\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-2293-1\" data-target=\"#63ec911cc398ccad6\" href=\"#63ec911cc398ccad6\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-minus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-plus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Kemalizmin Yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00dczerine K\u0131sa Bir De\u011ferlendirme \/ Aysel DEM\u0130R<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"63ec911cc398ccad6\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" araia-labelledby=\"toggle_63ec911cc398ccad6\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p><strong>\u00d6zet<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"fontstyle0\">Bu makalede, Kemalizmin ne oldu\u011fu, yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rken hangi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerden etkilenildi\u011fi, ge\u00e7mi\u015ften ald\u0131klar\u0131 ve gelece\u011fe katt\u0131klar\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda bir de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131lacakt\u0131r. Bu de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131l\u0131rken Kemalizme yap\u0131lan ele\u015ftiriler de g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulacak, Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn Devrimlerini yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131rken Frans\u0131z Devrimi\u2019nden, Sosyalizm ve Liberalizm\u2019den nas\u0131l pay ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n Demokratikle\u015fmeye nas\u0131l katk\u0131da bulundu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ortaya konacakt\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle, Sosyalizm \u00fczerinden Alt\u0131 Ok\u2019un ilkelerinden biri olan Devlet\u00e7ilik ilkesi temelinde, e\u015fitlik\u00e7i sosyal devlet anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6rnek al\u0131nmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilecek ve Liberalizm \u00fczerinden de \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve ekonomik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerin \u00f6rnek al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair k\u0131sa bir yorum yap\u0131lacakt\u0131r. Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn hem Sosyalizm\u2019den hem de Liberalizm\u2019den faydaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilecek ama her iki ak\u0131m\u0131 tamamen desteklemedi\u011fi iddia edilecektir. Atat\u00fcrk her ne kadar demokratikle\u015fme iste\u011fini ya\u015fama ge\u00e7irmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fsa da \u015fartlar\u0131n buna \u00e7ok da izin vermedi\u011fi ifade edilecek bununla birlikte, \u015fartlar ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011finde de Kemalizmin uygulamaya daima a\u00e7\u0131k oldu\u011fu iddia edilecektir. Bu de\u011ferlendirme, Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn 1923\u2019de Cumhuriyeti ilan etmesinden 2023 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019ne kadar ge\u00e7en y\u00fcz y\u0131ll\u0131k zaman\u0131 k\u0131saca i\u00e7ine alacak ve Cumhuriyetin 100. Y\u0131l\u0131na arma\u011fan edilecektir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span class=\"fontstyle2\">Anahtar Kelimeler: <\/span><\/strong><span class=\"fontstyle0\">Kemalizm, Alt\u0131 Devrim ilkesi, e\u015fitlik, sosyalizm, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, liberalizm.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2293-1 .panel-8f5e469289f42dbc5 .panel-title a{color:var(--awb-color8);}.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2293-1 .panel-8f5e469289f42dbc5 .toggle-content{color:var(--awb-color8);}<\/style><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-8f5e469289f42dbc5\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_8f5e469289f42dbc5\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"8f5e469289f42dbc5\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-2293-1\" data-target=\"#8f5e469289f42dbc5\" href=\"#8f5e469289f42dbc5\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-minus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-plus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">\u00c7in\u2019de \u0130mparatorluktan Cumhuriyete Ge\u00e7i\u015fte Sun Yatsen ve Devrim D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi \/ Tu\u011fba G\u00f6k\u00e7e BALCI<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"8f5e469289f42dbc5\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" araia-labelledby=\"toggle_8f5e469289f42dbc5\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p><strong>\u00d6zet<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"fontstyle0\">\u00c7in\u2019in son imparatorlu\u011fu Qing Hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bozk\u0131r k\u00f6kenli Man\u00e7ular taraf\u0131ndan kurulmu\u015ftu. \u0130mparatorluk sisteminin binlerce y\u0131ld\u0131r h\u00e2kim oldu\u011fu \u00c7in topraklar\u0131nda iktidar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131p, s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fleten hanedanl\u0131k i\u00e7in \u015fartlar 19. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015fmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. N\u00fcfusun artmas\u0131 ve ekonomik durumun bozulmas\u0131 ile halk\u0131n giderek fakirle\u015fmesi neticesinde \u00fclkede huzursuzluklar ba\u015f g\u00f6sterdi. \u00dcst\u00fcne bir de \u00c7in, kendini modernize ederek geli\u015ftiren Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yeni hedefi haline geldi. \u00c7in\u2019in \u201c\u0130lk Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131\u201d s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan ve 1866 y\u0131l\u0131nda do\u011fan Sun Yatsen, devletin i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu bu k\u00f6t\u00fc d\u00f6nemde yeti\u015fmi\u015fti. 13 ya\u015f\u0131nda gitti\u011fi Hawaii\u2019de bat\u0131 m\u00fcfredatl\u0131 bir \u00f6\u011frenim g\u00f6ren Sun Yatsen, \u00c7in siyaset, tarih ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnden hi\u00e7bir zaman kopmad\u0131. Devrimini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken her ne kadar ilk zamanlar ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 e\u011fitimin de etkisiyle bat\u0131l\u0131 fikirlerden yararlanmay\u0131 se\u00e7tiyse de ilerleyen ya\u015flar\u0131nda \u00c7in tarih ve felsefesinden feyz alarak yoluna devam etti. Bilhassa \u00c7in\u2019in b\u00fcy\u00fck filozofu Konf\u00fc\u00e7y\u00fcs\u2019\u00fcn d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ekol\u00fcnden etkilenerek onun fikirlerini g\u00fcncel sorunlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcnde kullanmak \u00fczere geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in \u00e7aba sarf etti. Neokonf\u00fc\u00e7yanist \u00e2lim Wang Yangming\u2019in fikirlerinden de ilham alan Sun Yatsen, devrimini \u00c7in\u2019in sahip oldu\u011fu e\u015fsiz tarih ve felsefi miras\u0131n \u00fczerine in\u015fa etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Onun fikirleri Konf\u00fc\u00e7yanist ekol\u00fcn basit bir tekrar\u0131 de\u011fil \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f bir ard\u0131l\u0131 \u015feklindeydi. Bu \u015fekilde Sun Yatsen \u00c7in topraklar\u0131nda o zamana kadar hayali bile kurulmam\u0131\u015f olan bir cumhuriyet devrimi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirirken atalar\u0131ndan devrald\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihi ve felsefi miras\u0131 ba\u015fka bir boyuta ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015f oldu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong> <span class=\"fontstyle0\">Anahtar Kelimeler: <\/span><\/strong><span class=\"fontstyle2\">Sun Yatsen, \u00c7in\u2019de Cumhuriyet, Qing Hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00c7in Tarihi, \u00c7in Felsefesi.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-1{width:75% !important;margin-top : 0px;margin-bottom : 20px;}.fusion-builder-column-1 > .fusion-column-wrapper {padding-top : 0px !important;padding-right : 0px !important;margin-right : 2.56%;padding-bottom : 0px !important;padding-left : 0px !important;margin-left : 2.56%;}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-1{width:75% !important;order : 0;}.fusion-builder-column-1 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 2.56%;margin-left : 2.56%;}}@media only screen and (max-width:640px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-1{width:100% !important;order : 0;}.fusion-builder-column-1 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}<\/style><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-flex-container.fusion-builder-row-1{ padding-top : 0px;margin-top : 0px;padding-right : 0px;padding-bottom : 0px;margin-bottom : 0px;padding-left : 0px;}<\/style><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.3 - 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