{"id":2168,"date":"2022-07-12T18:06:21","date_gmt":"2022-07-12T15:06:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.felsefidusun.com\/?page_id=2168"},"modified":"2022-07-12T18:32:11","modified_gmt":"2022-07-12T15:32:11","slug":"z_sayi_13_presokratikler","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.felsefidusun.com\/?page_id=2168","title":{"rendered":"Z_say\u0131_13_Presokratikler"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0);background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 0px;border-color:var(--awb-color3);border-style:solid;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start\" style=\"max-width:1144px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_4 1_4 fusion-flex-column\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.felsefidusun.com\/?page_id=1958\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>&lt;&lt;Ar\u015five d\u00f6n<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><div ><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-1 hover-type-none\"><img width=\"254\" height=\"300\" title=\"Say\u0131:13 &#8211; Pre-Sokratikler\" src=\"http:\/\/www.felsefidusun.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Fd13_Pre-Sokratikler-254x300.jpg\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-2101\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.felsefidusun.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Fd13_Pre-Sokratikler-200x236.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.felsefidusun.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Fd13_Pre-Sokratikler-400x472.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.felsefidusun.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Fd13_Pre-Sokratikler-600x708.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.felsefidusun.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Fd13_Pre-Sokratikler-800x944.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.felsefidusun.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Fd13_Pre-Sokratikler-1200x1416.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.felsefidusun.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Fd13_Pre-Sokratikler.jpg 2040w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\"><p><strong>Felsefi D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn Say\u0131: 13 &#8211; Pre-Sokratikler \/ Ekim 2019<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Say\u0131 Edit\u00f6r\u00fc: Hatice Nur BEYAZ ERKIZAN (Mu\u011fla S\u0131tk\u0131 Ko\u00e7man \u00dcniversitesi)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-has-icon\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:7px;margin-bottom:7px;width:100%;max-width:%80;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"border-color:#000000;border-top-width:1px;\"><\/div><span class=\"icon-wrapper\" style=\"border-color:#000000;background-color:#000000;font-size:16px;width: 1.75em; height: 1.75em;border-width:1px;padding:1px;margin-top:-0.5px\"><i class=\"fa-align-justify fas\" style=\"font-size: inherit;color:var(--awb-color3);\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"border-color:#000000;border-top-width:1px;\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-3\"><p><em>Makalelerin \u00f6zetleri ve anahtar kelimeleri i\u00e7in l\u00fctfen ilgili makalenin ismi \u00fczerine t\u0131klay\u0131n\u0131z.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-0{width:25% !important;margin-top : 0px;margin-bottom : 20px;}.fusion-builder-column-0 > .fusion-column-wrapper {padding-top : 0px !important;padding-right : 0px !important;margin-right : 7.68%;padding-bottom : 0px !important;padding-left : 0px !important;margin-left : 7.68%;}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-0{width:25% !important;order : 0;}.fusion-builder-column-0 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 7.68%;margin-left : 7.68%;}}@media only screen and (max-width:640px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-0{width:100% !important;order : 0;}.fusion-builder-column-0 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}<\/style><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_3_4 3_4 fusion-flex-column\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-4\"><h3 style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>MAKALELER<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">#accordion-2168-1 .fusion-panel:hover{ border-color: var(--awb-color3) } #accordion-2168-1 .fusion-panel { border-color:var(--awb-color3); }.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2168-1 .panel-title a .fa-fusion-box{ color: #000000;}.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2168-1 .panel-title a .fa-fusion-box:before{ font-size: 12px; width: 12px;}.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2168-1 .panel-title a{font-size:18px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--awb-color8);font-family:Garamond, serif;font-weight:400;}.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2168-1 .toggle-content{font-size:16px;color:var(--awb-color8);font-family:Garamond, serif;font-weight:400;}.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2168-1 .panel-title a:not(.active):hover, #accordion-2168-1 .fusion-toggle-boxed-mode:hover .panel-title a { color: var(--awb-color5);}.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2168-1 .fusion-toggle-boxed-mode:hover .panel-title a .fa-fusion-box{ color: var(--awb-color5);}.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2168-1.fusion-toggle-icon-unboxed .fusion-panel .panel-title a:not(.active):hover .fa-fusion-box{ color: var(--awb-color5) !important;}<\/style><div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-unboxed\" id=\"accordion-2168-1\"><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2168-1 .panel-b3816bab35322038f .panel-title a{color:var(--awb-color8);}.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2168-1 .panel-b3816bab35322038f .toggle-content{color:var(--awb-color8);}<\/style><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-b3816bab35322038f\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_b3816bab35322038f\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"b3816bab35322038f\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-2168-1\" data-target=\"#b3816bab35322038f\" href=\"#b3816bab35322038f\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-minus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-plus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Antik Yunan Felsefesinde Logos, D\u00fczen ve Kaos \/ Sebile BA\u015eOK D\u0130\u015e<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"b3816bab35322038f\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" araia-labelledby=\"toggle_b3816bab35322038f\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p><strong>\u00d6z<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bat\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin temel karakteristi\u011fi ak\u0131lc\u0131 olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bat\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak evrene, insana ve hatta Tanr\u0131\u2019ya rasyonel bir \u015fekilde yakla\u015fm\u0131\u015f, bunlar\u0131 ak\u0131l yoluyla anlay\u0131p kavramaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu \u00e7aba \u00f6ncelikle mitolojik olan\u0131n terk edilerek felsefenin ve bilimsel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin do\u011fmas\u0131na kaynakl\u0131k etmi\u015ftir. Antik Yunan felsefesi evrenin d\u00fczenli, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla rasyonel oldu\u011fu, bu nedenle insan akl\u0131n\u0131n bu rasyonel yap\u0131y\u0131 bilebilece\u011fi \u00f6n kabul\u00fc \u00fczerine kurulmu\u015ftur. \u00d6nde gelen Antik Yunan filozoflar\u0131n\u0131n neredeyse tamam\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k ya da \u00f6rt\u00fck \u015fekilde bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceye rastlamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Rasyonel evrenin ak\u0131l yoluyla bilinebilece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini sa\u011flayan unsur logos kavram\u0131d\u0131r. Logos kavram\u0131, i\u00e7erdi\u011fi anlamlar ile ak\u0131l ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc gibi kavramlar\u0131n birbiriyle ili\u015fkilendirilmesini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Logos kavram\u0131, hem evrenin d\u00fczeni hem onun bilinebilirli\u011fi hem de iyi bir insan\u00ee hayat a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan merkez\u00ee \u00f6neme sahiptir. Onun sayesinde evren, bir kaos olarak de\u011fil, kozmos olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, bu d\u00fczen onunla bilinmi\u015f ve onunla evrendeki d\u00fczenin bir benzeri insan hayat\u0131nda da olu\u015fturulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada belli ba\u015fl\u0131 Grek filozoflar\u0131n\u0131n evrenin ve insan\u0131n rasyonelli\u011fine nas\u0131l bakt\u0131klar\u0131, logos, d\u00fczen ve kozmos kavramlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda nas\u0131l bir ili\u015fki kurduklar\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f; d\u00fczen ve akl\u0131n, evren, insan ve toplum hayat\u0131ndaki \u00f6nemine i\u015faret edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Anahtar Kelimeler:\u00a0<\/strong>Logos, d\u00fczen, evren, kozmos, ak\u0131l, insan, yasa.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2168-1 .panel-b452c47af281b0f15 .panel-title a{color:var(--awb-color8);}.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2168-1 .panel-b452c47af281b0f15 .toggle-content{color:var(--awb-color8);}<\/style><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-b452c47af281b0f15\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_b452c47af281b0f15\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"b452c47af281b0f15\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-2168-1\" data-target=\"#b452c47af281b0f15\" href=\"#b452c47af281b0f15\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-minus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-plus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">\u0130slam Felsefe Tarihi Yaz\u0131m\u0131nda Presokratikler: El-Milel Ve\u2019n Nihal \u00d6rne\u011fi \/ E. Burak \u015eAMAN<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"b452c47af281b0f15\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" araia-labelledby=\"toggle_b452c47af281b0f15\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>Felsefe faaliyeti bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Presokratiklerin nerede durduklar\u0131, belki felsefe tarihinin b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7in s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011fu gibi, \u0130slam felsefesi i\u00e7in de mu\u011flakt\u0131r. Bu belirsizli\u011fi anlamak amac\u0131yla makalemizde \u0130slam felsefe tarihi yaz\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli kaynaklar\u0131ndan \u015eehrist\u00e2n\u00ee\u2019nin\u00a0<em>el-Milel ve\u2019n-nihal<\/em>\u2019inde Presokratik filozoflar\u0131n nas\u0131l ele al\u0131nd\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinin kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 ve u\u011frad\u0131klar\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmleri ele alaca\u011f\u0131z. Belki ilk\/ilke olmakl\u0131klar\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla unutkanl\u0131\u011fa ve \u2018efsanele\u015ftirilme\u2019ye birlikte maruz kalan Presokratik filozoflar \u0130slam felsefesi i\u00e7erisinde ayr\u0131 bir \u2018renk\u2019 kazanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r; bir\u00e7o\u011fu pratik hikmetle ili\u015fkilendirilmi\u015f ve peygamberlik kandilinden (<em>mi\u015fk\u00e2tu\u2019n-n\u00fcb\u00fcvve<\/em>) ilim \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015f olarak sunulurlar. Bu nedenle mevzubahis gelenek i\u00e7erisinde filozoflar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinin \u0130slami \u00f6\u011fretilerle benzerli\u011fi kurulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f; Presokratiklerin \u2018ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta\u2019 yer almalar\u0131 din ve felsefe aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli hale gelmi\u015ftir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131zda Presokratiklerin di\u011fer kaynaklardan bildi\u011fimiz g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleriyle \u015eehrist\u00e2n\u00ee\u2019nin aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131 versiyon ve yazar\u0131n onlar\u0131 aktar\u0131rkenki tutumu aras\u0131nda yapaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 okuma \u0130slam felsefe tarihi yaz\u0131m\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Presokratik filozoflar\u0131n konumunu belirginle\u015ftirmeyi hedeflemektedir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131z bunu yaparken asl\u0131nda daha genel bir sorunun pe\u015fine d\u00fc\u015ferek hem felsefe faaliyetinin kendisine hem de bu faaliyetin i\u00e7erisinde Presokratiklerin neyi ifade etti\u011fine dair bir sorgulamay\u0131 ama\u00e7lar.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Anahtar Kelimeler:\u00a0<\/strong>Felsefe tarihi yaz\u0131m\u0131, Presokratikler, \u015eehrist\u00e2n\u00ee, el-Milel ve\u2019n-nihal, \u0130slam felsefesi, Yunan Felsefesi, kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 felsefe tarihi.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2168-1 .panel-69b0bc515bfd42113 .panel-title a{color:var(--awb-color8);}.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2168-1 .panel-69b0bc515bfd42113 .toggle-content{color:var(--awb-color8);}<\/style><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-69b0bc515bfd42113\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_69b0bc515bfd42113\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"69b0bc515bfd42113\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-2168-1\" data-target=\"#69b0bc515bfd42113\" href=\"#69b0bc515bfd42113\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-minus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-plus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Anaximandros\u2019un Felsefesinde Apeiron \/ Tufan \u00c7\u00d6TOK &amp; \u00d6zge KARA<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"69b0bc515bfd42113\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" araia-labelledby=\"toggle_69b0bc515bfd42113\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p><strong>\u00d6z<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Yunan felsefesinin anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda filozoflar\u0131n kulland\u0131klar\u0131 kavramlar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k k\u0131l\u0131nmas\u0131 hayati \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k s\u00f6z konusu a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k genelde Sokrates \u00f6ncesi, \u00f6zelde Anaximandros felsefesi i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7t\u00fcr. Bu g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn nedeni ondan kalan fragmanlar\u0131n yetersizli\u011fi ve kopuklu\u011fu oldu\u011fu kadar, onu yorumlayanlar\u0131n genelde Aristoteles\u00e7i perspektifte kalmalar\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmada s\u00f6z konusu yorumlardan do\u011fan d\u00f6rt problem \u00fczerinde durulmu\u015ftur: a) Anaximandros apeironu Aristoteles\u00e7i perspektiften okundu\u011fu anlamda bir arkhe kabul etmi\u015f midir? Yahut kavram\u0131n bir ba\u015fka anlam\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu olabilir mi? b) Yukar\u0131daki ihtimali devam ettirmek suretiyle apeironu yorumlarken Aristoteles\u00e7i anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn m\u00fcd\u00fcr? c) Khaos ve apeiron aras\u0131nda nas\u0131l bir ili\u015fki veya kopu\u015f vard\u0131r? Bu soruya ek olarak Yunan felsefesinde geleneksel olarak ifade edilen mitos-logos kopu\u015funun merkezine Anaksimandros\u2019u yerle\u015ftirmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn m\u00fcd\u00fcr? d) Apeironu siyasi i\u00e7eriklerini dikkate alarak de\u011ferlendirmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn m\u00fcd\u00fcr? Yukar\u0131daki problemlere ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 bir yan\u0131t getirmek, kesinli\u011fe ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak fragmanlar\u0131n yetersizli\u011finden m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcnmemektedir. Bu nedenle her bir probleme getirilen yan\u0131tlar ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ve bu yan\u0131tlar\u0131n apeironun m\u00fcmk\u00fcn yorumlar\u0131ndan hareketle nas\u0131l temellendirildi\u011fi g\u00f6sterilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Anahtar Kelimeler:<\/strong>\u00a0Anaximandros, apeiron, sonsuzluk, s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k, arkhe.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2168-1 .panel-8b8399258c14984ea .panel-title a{color:var(--awb-color8);}.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2168-1 .panel-8b8399258c14984ea .toggle-content{color:var(--awb-color8);}<\/style><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-8b8399258c14984ea\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_8b8399258c14984ea\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"8b8399258c14984ea\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-2168-1\" data-target=\"#8b8399258c14984ea\" href=\"#8b8399258c14984ea\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-minus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-plus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Aristoteles\u2019in B\u00fcy\u00fck Rakibi Zenon ve Dynamis\u2019le Gelen Zafer \/ Bar\u0131\u015fcan DEM\u0130R <\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"8b8399258c14984ea\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" araia-labelledby=\"toggle_8b8399258c14984ea\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p><strong>\u00d6z<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Felsefe tarihinde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin iki t\u00fcr ilerleyi\u015fi s\u00f6z konusudur. \u0130lkinde, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce, daha \u00f6nce dile gelmi\u015f bir olumlamay\u0131 sahiplenir ve bunu devam ettirir. Bu ilerleyi\u015fte a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kan yol, \u2018ayn\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yoludur. \u0130kincisinde ise, ya daha \u00f6nce dile gelmi\u015f olan olumlamay\u0131 desteklemek ya da bu olumlamay\u0131 \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fctmek i\u00e7in bir olumsuzlama s\u00f6z konusu edilir. Bu ilerleyi\u015fte a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kan yol ise \u2018fark\u2019\u0131n yoludur. Zenon\u2019un felsefe tarihindeki \u00f6zg\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, onun bahsi ge\u00e7en yollar\u0131n ikincisinin, yani olumsuzlamayla s\u00f6z konusu olan \u2018fark\u2019\u0131n yolunun k\u00e2\u015fifi olmas\u0131nda yatmaktad\u0131r. Bu yaz\u0131n\u0131n ilk amac\u0131, Zenon\u2019un felsefe tarihindeki yerinin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 belirlemektir. Zenon\u2019un d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerinin tuttu\u011fu yerin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131, hocas\u0131 Parmenides\u2019in ortaya koydu\u011fu dizgeyle benzerlikleri ve farklar\u0131 \u00fczerinden a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lacakt\u0131r. Felsefe tarihindeki s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 belirlenerek a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lacak olan Zenon\u2019un konumunun, Aristoteles\u2019in ortaya koymak istedi\u011fi ontolojik dizge i\u00e7in nas\u0131l bir g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fck uyand\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirlemek ise, yaz\u0131n\u0131n ikinci amac\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Aristoteles\u2019in, Zenon\u2019un tuttu\u011fu konumdan do\u011fan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ortadan kald\u0131rabilmek ad\u0131na dynamis terimine olanak anlam\u0131n\u0131 ne \u015fekilde y\u00fckledi\u011fini ve olanak kavram\u0131n\u0131 bir varolma tarz\u0131 olarak nas\u0131l de\u011ferlendirdi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131k k\u0131lmak ise, yaz\u0131n\u0131n nihai amac\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Anahtar Kelimeler:<\/strong>\u00a0Zenon, Parmenides, Aristoteles, Bir, \u00c7ok, olumlama, olumsuzlama.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2168-1 .panel-d6c91392a054bf5bd .panel-title a{color:var(--awb-color8);}.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2168-1 .panel-d6c91392a054bf5bd .toggle-content{color:var(--awb-color8);}<\/style><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-d6c91392a054bf5bd\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_d6c91392a054bf5bd\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"d6c91392a054bf5bd\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-2168-1\" data-target=\"#d6c91392a054bf5bd\" href=\"#d6c91392a054bf5bd\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-minus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-plus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Pre-Sokratik D\u00f6nemde Bili\u015fin Yeri \u00dczerine Bir Ara\u015ft\u0131rma \/ Burak SAYTEK\u0130N<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"d6c91392a054bf5bd\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" araia-labelledby=\"toggle_d6c91392a054bf5bd\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p><strong>\u00d6z<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bug\u00fcn \u00e7ok rahatl\u0131kla cevap verilebilen baz\u0131 bilimsel sorular\u0131n tarihi, neredeyse insanl\u0131k kadar eskidir. \u0130nsanlar ruhun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 andan itibaren onun yetilerini ara\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, bedenle ili\u015fkisini kurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve bedende nerede yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ilgili fikirler y\u00fcr\u00fctm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde; duyum, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce, bilincin yeri dendi\u011finde akla ilk gelen organ beyin olmaktad\u0131r. Ancak bu sorunun cevab\u0131n\u0131 rahatl\u0131kla vermek, hekim ve filozoflar\u0131n y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyu tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 sonucunda m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmu\u015ftur. Beynin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin merkezi oldu\u011funun ispatlanmas\u0131ndan \u00f6nce, beyin kadar kalbin de b\u00f6yle bir i\u015flevi oldu\u011funu savunan pek \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr mevcuttu. Bu sebeple beyin-merkezli ve kalp-merkezli olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan iki ayr\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, ruhun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile ilgili d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeye ba\u015flayan ilk insanlardan Sokrates\u2019in zaman\u0131na kadar ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrlerin; duyum, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce, bilin\u00e7 gibi konulardaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri incelenmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrleri bu \u015fekilde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeye iten sebepler ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tarihsel bir perspektif, bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrlerin bahsi ge\u00e7en alanlara neler katt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterebilmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli olacakt\u0131r. Bu sebeple \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n sonunda Sokrates sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nem k\u0131saca ele al\u0131nmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Anahtar Kelimeler:<\/strong>\u00a0Beyin, kalp, bili\u015f, kalp-merkezcilik, beyin-merkezcilik.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2168-1 .panel-3b75ab49b4961c74c .panel-title a{color:var(--awb-color8);}.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2168-1 .panel-3b75ab49b4961c74c .toggle-content{color:var(--awb-color8);}<\/style><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-3b75ab49b4961c74c\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_3b75ab49b4961c74c\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"3b75ab49b4961c74c\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-2168-1\" data-target=\"#3b75ab49b4961c74c\" href=\"#3b75ab49b4961c74c\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-minus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-plus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Anaxagoras\u2019ta Nous Kavram\u0131 \/ Selena \u00d6ZBA\u015e<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"3b75ab49b4961c74c\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" araia-labelledby=\"toggle_3b75ab49b4961c74c\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p><strong>\u00d6z<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bu makale Anaksagoras\u2019ta nous kavram\u0131n\u0131 ele almay\u0131 ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r. Bu do\u011frultuda Anaksagoras\u2019\u0131n en uzun fragman\u0131 da olan B12 \u00f6zellikle ele al\u0131nacak ve nousun Anaksagoras\u2019\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinde sadece fiziksel bir belirlenimi ifade etmedi\u011fi ancak ayn\u0131 zamanda onun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n metafizik ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131, olanaklar\u0131n\u0131 belirlemede de bir a\u00e7\u0131klay\u0131c\u0131 neden oldu\u011fu fikri \u00fczerinde durulacakt\u0131r. Bu anlamda, nousun \u2018her \u015feyin i\u00e7erisinde\u2019 oldu\u011fu fikrinden yola \u00e7\u0131k\u0131larak, onun varl\u0131\u011fa dair nas\u0131l hem fiziksel, \u2018do\u011faya ait\u2019 ve hem de metafizik, \u00f6ze dair bir a\u00e7\u0131klama sundu\u011fu meselesi \u00fczerinde durulacakt\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda, nousu anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 ve fiziksel bir y\u00f6nelimden ibaret g\u00f6ren ve bu bi\u00e7imde konumland\u0131ran geleneksel yorumlar\u0131n aksine burada Anaksagoras\u2019\u0131n nousu kozmik-bili\u015fsel bir yetinin kendisi olarak konumland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve b\u00f6ylelikle evrenin ve varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ereksel i\u015flevini\/y\u00f6nelimini nous arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla yine onto-ereksel bir d\u00fczlemde a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131 fikri savunulacakt\u0131r. B\u00f6ylelikle, Anaksagoras\u2019\u0131n fragmanlar\u0131nda nousun fiziksel b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne olan at\u0131f ya da betimlemelerinin de asl\u0131nda s\u00f6z konusu varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ereksel olanaklar\u0131yla do\u011fru orant\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu fikri savunulacakt\u0131r. Bu tart\u0131\u015fmadan do\u011facak sonucun ise, sadece meta-fizik bir \u2018sonu\u00e7\u2019 oldu\u011fu de\u011fil ancak ayn\u0131 zamanda onto-etik bir tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n \u2018ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131\u2019 oldu\u011fu tezi savunulacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Anahtar Kelimeler:<\/strong>\u00a0Anaksagoras, nous, kendine-i\u00e7kinlik, ereksel varolu\u015f, kozmik-bili\u015fsel yeti, otonomi.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2168-1 .panel-1267793773d6ff706 .panel-title a{color:var(--awb-color8);}.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2168-1 .panel-1267793773d6ff706 .toggle-content{color:var(--awb-color8);}<\/style><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-1267793773d6ff706\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_1267793773d6ff706\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"1267793773d6ff706\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-2168-1\" data-target=\"#1267793773d6ff706\" href=\"#1267793773d6ff706\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-minus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-plus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Herakleitos\u2019un Do\u011fa \u00dczerine Kitab\u0131yla \u0130lgili Kaynaklar ve Yorumlar \/ C. Cengiz \u00c7EV\u0130K<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"1267793773d6ff706\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" araia-labelledby=\"toggle_1267793773d6ff706\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p><strong>\u00d6z<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Presokratik filozoflar da kitaplar yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, ancak ne yaz\u0131k ki bu kitaplar\u0131n hi\u00e7biri g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze tam olarak ula\u015fmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sonraki yazarlar\u0131n eserlerinde, doksografi ve ansiklopedi metinlerinde bu kitaplar\u0131n baz\u0131lar\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan al\u0131nt\u0131lara ve bu kitaplara ait oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen veciz s\u00f6zlere rastlamaktay\u0131z. Bununla birlikte baz\u0131 eserler de bu kitaplar\u0131n ad\u0131, i\u00e7eri\u011fi ve dola\u015f\u0131ma ge\u00e7ip ge\u00e7medi\u011fiyle ilgili bilgiler vermektedir. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada antik kaynaklarda Herakleitos\u2019a atfedilen ve yayg\u0131n olarak \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u1f76 \u03c6\u1f7b\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03c2 (Do\u011fa \u00dczerine) ad\u0131yla an\u0131lan eserle ilgili tart\u0131\u015fmalara yer verilmektedir. Bu kapsamda Antik\u00e7a\u011f ile Orta\u00e7a\u011f\u2019a ait t\u00fcm kaynaklar taranm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlar aras\u0131nda Diogenes Laertius, Platon, Aristoteles, Sextus Empiricus, Strabon, Stobaios, Simplicius gibi \u00f6nemli yazarlar bulunmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca gerek Herakleitos\u2019u, gerekse ondan sonraki felsefe gelene\u011finde b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 izleri inceleyen sayg\u0131n modern kaynaklardaki yorumlar g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilmi\u015ftir. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n temel amac\u0131, Herakleitos\u2019a atfedilen tek eserle ilgili da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k haldeki t\u00fcm kaynaklar\u0131 ve yap\u0131lan t\u00fcm tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 bir b\u00fct\u00fcn halinde sunup ele almakt\u0131r. Konusu itibariyle bir ilk olan bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, bat\u0131 felsefe gelene\u011fini derinden etkilemi\u015f olan Herakleitos\u2019un \u00fcnl\u00fc deyi\u015flerinin olas\u0131 kayna\u011f\u0131yla ilgili bundan sonra yap\u0131lacak olan ba\u015fka kapsaml\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara da katk\u0131 sunacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0Anahtar Kelimeler:<\/strong>\u00a0Artemis Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131, Do\u011fa, Do\u011fa \u00dczerine, Felsefe, Herakleitos, Kitap.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2168-1 .panel-9b9204f12abfd3399 .panel-title a{color:var(--awb-color8);}.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2168-1 .panel-9b9204f12abfd3399 .toggle-content{color:var(--awb-color8);}<\/style><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-9b9204f12abfd3399\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_9b9204f12abfd3399\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"9b9204f12abfd3399\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-2168-1\" data-target=\"#9b9204f12abfd3399\" href=\"#9b9204f12abfd3399\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-minus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-plus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Herakleitos\u2019ta S\u00f6ylem ve Hakikat \u0130li\u015fkisi \/ Erhan ATAG\u00dcL<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"9b9204f12abfd3399\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" araia-labelledby=\"toggle_9b9204f12abfd3399\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p><strong>\u00d6z<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Herakleitos, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce tarihinin \u00fczerine \u00e7ok konu\u015fulmu\u015f fakat az anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f filozoflar\u0131ndan birisidir. Bu durum yaln\u0131zca onun felsefesinin i\u00e7eri\u011finden kaynaklanmay\u0131p d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini aktarmakta kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylemin bi\u00e7iminin de bir sonucudur. Aristoteles Herakleitos\u2019u \u201ckaranl\u0131k\u201d (skoteinos) olarak, Philus\u2019lu Timon ise \u201cbilmece gibi konu\u015fan\u201d (ainikt\u00eas) olarak anar. Sokrates\u2019in \u00fcnl\u00fc dalg\u0131\u00e7 benzetmesini de bunlara ekleyebiliriz. Sonu\u00e7 olarak \u00fczerinde hem fikir olunan \u015fey a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r; Herakleitos fragmanlar\u0131nda anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 bir bi\u00e7imde konu\u015fur. Herakleitos\u2019un anlam\u0131 kurma bi\u00e7imi, s\u00f6ylem bi\u00e7imindeki paradoksal yap\u0131, bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak s\u00f6ylemek gerekirse onun \u201ckaranl\u0131k\u201d s\u00f6ylemi, hakikat anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131yla i\u00e7 i\u00e7edir ve bu durum onun fragmanlar\u0131nda somutla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Paradokslar, bilmeceli s\u00f6ylem bi\u00e7imi ve kelime oyunlar\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Herakleitos\u2019ta bir analoji olarak ele al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Burada do\u011fan\u0131n kendi hakikati ile Herakleitos\u2019un s\u00f6ylemi aras\u0131nda, yukar\u0131da bahsedilen dilsel ara\u00e7lar ile analoji kurulur. Bu s\u00f6ylem bi\u00e7imi hi\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphesiz Herakleitos\u2019un d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinde hakikati kavraman\u0131n ontolojik durumuyla \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bir bilmecenin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc, paradoksal bir ifadenin kavran\u0131\u015f\u0131 ya da bir kelime oyunun anlam\u0131n\u0131n fark edili\u015fi tamam\u0131yla sezgisel bir \u201cayd\u0131nlanma\u201d an\u0131d\u0131r. Anlam bir anda ve \u00f6nceden hi\u00e7bir i\u015faret vermeksizin geliverir ve bir kez bilinir oldu\u011funda art\u0131k problem ortadan kalkm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu durum, Herakleitos\u2019un kendinden \u00f6nce gelen filozoflar\u0131n hakikati ele al\u0131\u015f bi\u00e7imlerinden radikal bir kopu\u015fu temsil eder. Bu makalede ilk olarak bu kopu\u015fu a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015fturaca\u011f\u0131z, ard\u0131ndan Herakleitos\u2019un hakikat anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na uygun bir bi\u00e7imde s\u00f6ylemini nas\u0131l kurdu\u011fu g\u00f6sterece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Anahtar Kelimeler:<\/strong>\u00a0Herakleitos, s\u00f6ylem, hakikat, logos, dil.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2168-1 .panel-43e30e6f2a43f0055 .panel-title a{color:var(--awb-color8);}.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2168-1 .panel-43e30e6f2a43f0055 .toggle-content{color:var(--awb-color8);}<\/style><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-43e30e6f2a43f0055\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_43e30e6f2a43f0055\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"43e30e6f2a43f0055\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-2168-1\" data-target=\"#43e30e6f2a43f0055\" href=\"#43e30e6f2a43f0055\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-minus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-plus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Herakleitos Felsefesinde De\u011fi\u015fimin Olas\u0131 S\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 \u00dczerine Bir \u0130nceleme \/ Seyda KES\u0130KO\u011eLU<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"43e30e6f2a43f0055\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" araia-labelledby=\"toggle_43e30e6f2a43f0055\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p><strong>\u00d6z<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Herakleitos\u2019un de\u011fi\u015fim d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi Antik \u00c7a\u011fdan beri felsefede etkili olmu\u015ftur. Ne var ki var olan her \u015feyin durmaks\u0131z\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fi iddias\u0131, bu de\u011fi\u015fen \u015feylere s\u0131n\u0131r \u00e7ekilmedi\u011finde bilgiyi imk\u00e2ns\u0131z k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Herakleitos\u2019un felsefesi materyalist olarak kabul edilmektedir. Ancak bu da b\u00fct\u00fcn maddi nesnelerin de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinden hareketle bilginin nas\u0131l m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilece\u011fi konusunda tek ba\u015f\u0131na yeterli de\u011fildir. Bu y\u00fczden, ilkin, Herakleitos\u2019un logos kavram\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fen \u015feylerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 ve b\u00fct\u00fcn bir de\u011fi\u015fimi belirleyen de\u011fi\u015fmez yasa olarak ele al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. \u0130kinci olarak da, de\u011fi\u015fen \u015feylerin kavramlar\u0131 ve kavram anlam\u0131na yak\u0131n olmak \u00fczere ideleri, bilginin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilmesi i\u00e7in de\u011fi\u015fen \u015feylerin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015far\u0131s\u0131nda b\u0131rak\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Kavramlar\u0131n ve idelerin de\u011fi\u015fenlerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 ilk ba\u015fta onlara idealist bir de\u011fi\u015fmez varl\u0131k atfedilmesi \u015feklinde anla\u015f\u0131labilir. Ne var ki de\u011fi\u015fenlere s\u0131n\u0131r \u00e7izerken do\u011fa alan\u0131nda kendi i\u00e7inde d\u00f6ng\u00fcsel bir de\u011fi\u015fimin oldu\u011fu ancak tinsel alanda bunun yerine yeniliklerin s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011fu fikrinden yola \u00e7\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ve kavramlar ve idelerin kendisiyle ayn\u0131 kalarak de\u011fi\u015fip d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmedi\u011fi, ancak k\u0131smen ya da tamamen unutulup yerine yeni kavram ve idelerin gelmesiyle yenilendi\u011fi ileri s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde Herakleitos felsefesindeki de\u011fi\u015fim kavram\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda bilginin nas\u0131l olanakl\u0131 oldu\u011fu sorununa bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00f6nermek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn hale gelmektedir<\/p>\n<p><strong>Anahtar Kelimeler:<\/strong>\u00a0Herakleitos, Platon, Hegel, de\u011fi\u015fim, materyalizm, idealizm, logos.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2168-1 .panel-71f0f74d80490e8d2 .panel-title a{color:var(--awb-color8);}.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2168-1 .panel-71f0f74d80490e8d2 .toggle-content{color:var(--awb-color8);}<\/style><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-71f0f74d80490e8d2\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_71f0f74d80490e8d2\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"71f0f74d80490e8d2\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-2168-1\" data-target=\"#71f0f74d80490e8d2\" href=\"#71f0f74d80490e8d2\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-minus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-plus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Sokrates \u00d6ncesi Felsefede Eti\u011fin Yeri ve \u0130mkan\u0131 \/ Bar\u0131\u015f MUTLU<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"71f0f74d80490e8d2\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" araia-labelledby=\"toggle_71f0f74d80490e8d2\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p><strong>\u00d6z<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u201cSokrates \u00f6ncesi felsefe\u201d terimi \u00f6zel olarak Thales, Anaksimandros, Anaksimenes, Pythagoras, Herakleitos, Parmenides, Empedokles ve Demokritos gibi tarihsel olarak Sokrates\u2019ten \u00f6nce gelen filozoflar i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bir terimdir. Bu d\u00f6nem filozoflar\u0131n ve felsefenin ilk kez ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nem kabul edilir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu d\u00f6nemde yukar\u0131da s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc etti\u011fimiz d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrler ya da filozoflar kendilerinden \u00f6neki Homeros ve Hesiodos gibi ozanlardan farkl\u0131 olarak soru\u015fturduklar\u0131 konuyu ak\u0131lsal bir refleksiyonla, ak\u0131lsal bir arg\u00fcmanla ele alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Barnes\u2019\u0131n belirtti\u011fi gibi, bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrler onlara ilk filozoflar diyece\u011fimiz bir \u015fekilde, onlardan \u00f6nce kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan ilahi ve insan\u00fcst\u00fc dogmalar ve tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f efsaneler yerine, deliller ve akla dayanan arg\u00fcmanlar ortaya koymu\u015flard\u0131r. Bu nedenle Barnes onlar\u0131 \u201cilk empirik bilimciler\u201d olarak da g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Elbette Barnes \u00f6ncesinde, Aristoteles de bu filozoflarla ilgili benzer bir nitelendirmeyi yapar, \u00f6rne\u011fin Thales\u2019i do\u011fa felsefesinin kurucusu olarak adland\u0131r\u0131r. S\u00f6z konusu filozoflar bu nitelendirmelere uygun d\u00fc\u015fecek bir \u015fekilde \u00f6zel olarak do\u011fayla ilgilenirler. Bunun yan\u0131nda kozmoloji, astronomi, geometri, etik v.b. alanlarda da felsefi de\u011ferlendirmeler yaparlar. Bu filozoflara y\u00f6nelik tarihsel incelemelere bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda ise, felsefe tarih\u00e7ilerinin de\u011ferlendirmelerinde de \u201cetik\u201d \u00f6zel bir soru\u015fturma konusu yap\u0131lmaz. Bunun temel nedeni ahlak\u0131n felsefi incelemesi olan eti\u011fi Sokrates ile ba\u015flatmam\u0131z ve Sokrates \u00f6ncesi filozoflar\u0131n etik konusunda pek bir \u015fey s\u00f6ylemediklerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmemizdir. Bu hakim ve yayg\u0131n kabul kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Barnes, Kahn ve Laks kimi istisnalar olmu\u015f, bu felsefe tarih\u00e7ileri k\u0131sa da olsa bu d\u00f6nemin eti\u011fini bir tart\u0131\u015fma konusu yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n konusu da bu tarih\u00e7ilere dikkatle Sokrates \u00f6ncesi filozoflarda eti\u011fin yeri ve imkan\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Anahtar Kelimeler:<\/strong>\u00a0Sokrates \u00f6ncesi Felsefe, Sokrates, Etik, Do\u011fa, Hayvan Eti\u011fi.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2168-1 .panel-e458b160fc19e59ff .panel-title a{color:var(--awb-color8);}.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2168-1 .panel-e458b160fc19e59ff .toggle-content{color:var(--awb-color8);}<\/style><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-e458b160fc19e59ff\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_e458b160fc19e59ff\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e458b160fc19e59ff\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-2168-1\" data-target=\"#e458b160fc19e59ff\" href=\"#e458b160fc19e59ff\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-minus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-plus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Parmenides\u2019ten Gen\u00e7 Sokrates\u2019e: Aman Boynun Tutulmas\u0131n! \/ Y. Gurur SEV<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"e458b160fc19e59ff\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" araia-labelledby=\"toggle_e458b160fc19e59ff\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p><strong>\u00d6z<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Platon\u2019un ge\u00e7 d\u00f6nem diyaloglar\u0131ndan olan ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 takip etmek bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u2015mythos\u2019larla bezeli olmamas\u0131ndan olsa gerek\u2015 en zor eserlerinden addedilen Parmenides, ya\u015fl\u0131 filozof Eleal\u0131 Parmenides, orta ya\u015fl\u0131 \u00f6\u011frencisi Zenon ve hen\u00fcz \u00e7ok gen\u00e7 olan Sokrates aras\u0131nda Atina\u2019da ge\u00e7ti\u011fi rivayet edilen bir konu\u015fmay\u0131 aktar\u0131r. Ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 epey tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 olan bu diyalogun \u00e7ok da \u00fczerinde durulmayan bir noktas\u0131nda Parmenides gen\u00e7 Sokrates\u2019e bi\u00e7imlerin ya da formlar\u0131n (eidos ya da idea) varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edilmez ve varolanlar\u0131n her birine bir bi\u00e7im atanmazsa ba\u015f\u0131n\/zihnin (dianoia) d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclece\u011fi bir yer olmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, tart\u0131\u015fma (dialegesthai) imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131n elden ka\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla da felsefeyle ne yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bilinmeyece\u011fini s\u00f6yler ve ona \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun yarars\u0131z ve lak\u0131rt\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc meselelerle de al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma yapmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011f\u00fctler\u2015aksi takdirde hak\u00eekat elden ka\u00e7acakt\u0131r. \u0130\u015fbu m\u00fctevaz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, s\u00f6z konusu par\u00e7ay\u0131 yaln\u0131zca bi\u00e7imlerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin bir delil olarak de\u011fil, ama ayn\u0131 zamanda felsefe yapman\u0131n imk\u00e2n ko\u015fulunu ortaya koyan ve Parmenides\u2019in \u00fcnl\u00fc \u015fiiri Do\u011fa Hakk\u0131nda\u2019ya g\u00f6ndermeler yapan \u00f6nemli bir pasaj olarak okumak niyetindedir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Anahtar Kelimeler:<\/strong>\u00a0felsefe, bi\u00e7im, zihin, tart\u0131\u015fma, ma\u011fara, \u00e7izgi, hak\u00eekat, san\u0131.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2168-1 .panel-2f3b152e894779c3f .panel-title a{color:var(--awb-color8);}.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2168-1 .panel-2f3b152e894779c3f .toggle-content{color:var(--awb-color8);}<\/style><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-2f3b152e894779c3f\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_2f3b152e894779c3f\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"2f3b152e894779c3f\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-2168-1\" data-target=\"#2f3b152e894779c3f\" href=\"#2f3b152e894779c3f\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-minus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-plus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Herakleitos\u2019un Ethos\u2019u: Marcus Aurelius\u2019un Daimon\u2019u \/ Melike MOLACI <\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"2f3b152e894779c3f\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" araia-labelledby=\"toggle_2f3b152e894779c3f\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p><strong>\u00d6z<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00d6zl\u00fc fakat m\u00fcphem ifadeleriyle yaln\u0131zca g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz i\u00e7in de\u011fil, \u00e7a\u011fda\u015flar\u0131 ve ard\u0131llar\u0131 i\u00e7in de \u2018karanl\u0131k\u2019 olan Herakleitos, felsefe tarihinin anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 zor filozoflar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda gelir. Felsefe tarihinin \u2018karanl\u0131k\u2019 filozofunun s\u0131kl\u0131kla al\u0131nt\u0131lan \u201c\u0113thos insan\u0131n daim\u014dn\u2019udur\u201d ifadesini temele alan bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, s\u00f6z konusu fragman\u0131n felsefe tarihinde \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131r\u0131lma noktas\u0131na i\u015faret etti\u011fi iddias\u0131ndan yola \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Herakleitos\u2019un bu \u00f6zl\u00fc s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc ait oldu\u011fu ba\u011flam ve problemler dahilinde incelemeyi ama\u00e7layan bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, \u0113thos ve daim\u014dn kavramlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda kurulan ba\u011flant\u0131n\u0131n ne t\u00fcr bir yenili\u011fe kap\u0131 aralad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 soru\u015ftururken, bu yenili\u011fin Herakleitos ile ba\u011f\u0131 a\u015fik\u00e2r olan Stoac\u0131 filozof Marcus Aurelius\u2019ta nas\u0131l yinelendi\u011fini de ele almaktad\u0131r. Bu izlek dahilinde ilkin \u201c\u0113thos insan\u0131n daim\u014dn\u2019udur\u201d ifadesinin Herakleitos\u2019u \u00f6ncel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc\u015ften hangi bak\u0131mlardan ay\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmakta sonras\u0131nda da bu yenilik Herakleitos\u2019u sayg\u0131yla anan Marcus Aurelius\u2019un D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler\u2019inde izlenmektedir. B\u00f6ylece Stoac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n son b\u00fcy\u00fck filozofunun d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini temellendirmek \u00fczere s\u0131kl\u0131kla ba\u015fvurdu\u011fu Herakleitos\u2019a ne \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ba\u011fl\u0131 kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Herakleitos\u00e7u yenili\u011fin idealizm ya da spirit\u00fcalizm maskesine b\u00fcr\u00fcnmeksizin asl\u0131na sad\u0131k bir bi\u00e7imde Marcus Aurelius\u2019un d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerinde nas\u0131l muhafaza edildi\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Anahtar Kelimeler:<\/strong>\u00a0Herakleitos, Marcus Aurelius, \u0113thos, daim\u014dn, logos, ruh, bireysellik.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2168-1 .panel-b3a2a703915ba341b .panel-title a{color:var(--awb-color8);}.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2168-1 .panel-b3a2a703915ba341b .toggle-content{color:var(--awb-color8);}<\/style><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-b3a2a703915ba341b\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_b3a2a703915ba341b\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"b3a2a703915ba341b\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-2168-1\" data-target=\"#b3a2a703915ba341b\" href=\"#b3a2a703915ba341b\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-minus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-plus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Ayd\u0131nl\u0131k G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u00fc\u2019 Herakleitos\u2019un Sanata, Sanat\u00e7\u0131ya ve G\u00fczelli\u011fe Dair D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri\/ \u015eule GECE<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"b3a2a703915ba341b\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" araia-labelledby=\"toggle_b3a2a703915ba341b\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p><strong>\u00d6z<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bu makalede Sokrates \u00f6ncesi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrlerden karanl\u0131k lakapl\u0131 Herakleitos\u2019un evrene ve insana bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n kendi d\u00f6nemine ve \u00e7a\u011fda\u015flar\u0131na nas\u0131l etkide bulundu\u011fu ve kendinden sonraki d\u00f6nemlerde h\u00e2kim olacak estetik alg\u0131lama, sanat ve sanat\u00e7\u0131ya bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131na olan etkilerini g\u00f6rme ve g\u00f6sterme gayretidir. Sokrates \u00f6ncesi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrler genellikle evrene y\u00f6nelik b\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcl alg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 sanat\u0131 da i\u00e7erecek \u015fekilde bir olu\u015fa ve devinime, mimesise (taklit), b\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcl etkilerine, zanaate (tekhne), sanat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n yarat\u0131m\u0131na, hatta bu sanat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n yarat\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zel bir \u015fey olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair derin bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceye y\u00f6neltmi\u015flerdir. Bu d\u00f6nemde en \u00f6nemli \u015feylerden biri olan evrenin yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131na dair s\u00f6ylenceler ve \u015fairlerin evrene y\u00f6nelik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri, hayal g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn Yunanl\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan zengince kullan\u0131m\u0131na yol a\u00e7arken, ayn\u0131 zamanda evrene, Tanr\u0131lara ve de\u011fi\u015fmeyen bir ana madde (arkhe) aray\u0131\u015f\u0131na da zemin haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla mitoslardan ve eposlardan ge\u00e7en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce zamanla ak\u0131lc\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeye yani felsefeye ve onun kullan\u0131m\u0131 olan logosa do\u011fru evrilecektir. Bu anlamda, logosu ya\u015fam i\u00e7inde en \u00f6nemli noktaya ta\u015f\u0131yan Herakleitos\u2019un d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini anlamak, d\u00f6nemin sanat\u0131na, ruhuna ve felsefesine bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 anlamak ad\u0131na \u00f6nemli ve anlaml\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Anahtar Kelimeler:\u00a0<\/strong>Herakleitos, Sanat, Sanat\u00e7\u0131, Mimesis, Homeros, Ozan.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2168-1 .panel-c6c58f73addaac5f9 .panel-title a{color:var(--awb-color8);}.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2168-1 .panel-c6c58f73addaac5f9 .toggle-content{color:var(--awb-color8);}<\/style><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-c6c58f73addaac5f9\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_c6c58f73addaac5f9\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"c6c58f73addaac5f9\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-2168-1\" data-target=\"#c6c58f73addaac5f9\" href=\"#c6c58f73addaac5f9\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-minus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-plus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">\u2018Herakleitos\u2019ta Trajedi \/ Fatma Berfu KUTLU <\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"c6c58f73addaac5f9\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" araia-labelledby=\"toggle_c6c58f73addaac5f9\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p><strong>\u00d6z<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, antik Yunan gelene\u011finde ve tragedyalar\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir yer edinmi\u015f olan trajedi (\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u1ff3\u03b4\u03af\u03b1) kavram\u0131n\u0131n, Herakleitos felsefesi i\u00e7erisindeki izlerini ve etkilerini ara\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r. Bu ama\u00e7 do\u011frultusunda, \u00f6ncelikle trajedi ve trajik kavramlar\u0131n\u0131n nelikleri \u00fczerinde durulacakt\u0131r. Daha sonra, trajik \u00f6\u011felere eserlerinde yer veren Homeros, Hesiodos, Aiskhylos ve Sophokles\u2019in eserlerinde trajik \u00f6\u011felerin, kendini ne \u015fekilde g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi ve s\u00f6z konusu ozanlar\u0131n hayat\u0131 yorumlama bi\u00e7imleri incelenecektir. Ard\u0131ndan Herakleitos\u2019un trajedi ve trajik \u00f6\u011felerle ilgili olabilecek d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri, fragmanlar\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurularak yorumlanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lacakt\u0131r. Herakleitos\u2019un g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri ile trajedi ve trajik \u00f6\u011feler aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lacak olan kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma, \u201cKar\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131n \u00c7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131\u201d ve \u201c\u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn Cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131\u201d adl\u0131 iki ana ba\u015fl\u0131k alt\u0131nda toplanacakt\u0131r. \u0130lk ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n alt\u0131nda, trajedilerin karakteristik bir \u00f6\u011fesi olan kar\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131n bir aradal\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6rnekleri ile Herakleitos\u2019un kar\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131n \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc aras\u0131ndaki benzerlikler \u00fczerinde, ikinci ba\u015fl\u0131k alt\u0131nda ise trajedilerdeki kader ve karakter ili\u015fkisi ile ilgisinde \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00f6rnekleri ile Herakleitos d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi i\u00e7erisinde karakterin yap\u0131p ettiklerinin logos taraf\u0131ndan cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc aras\u0131ndaki benzerlikler \u00fczerinde durulacakt\u0131r. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n sonucunda ise, Herakleitos felsefesi i\u00e7erisinde trajik olan\u0131n da yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 fikri, referanslar yard\u0131m\u0131 ile desteklenmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Anahtar Kelimeler:\u00a0<\/strong>Herakleitos, trajedi, kar\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131n \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fczl\u00fck, kader, karakter.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2168-1 .panel-e5f4141b2e1b9bbe8 .panel-title a{color:var(--awb-color8);}.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2168-1 .panel-e5f4141b2e1b9bbe8 .toggle-content{color:var(--awb-color8);}<\/style><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-e5f4141b2e1b9bbe8\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_e5f4141b2e1b9bbe8\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e5f4141b2e1b9bbe8\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-2168-1\" data-target=\"#e5f4141b2e1b9bbe8\" href=\"#e5f4141b2e1b9bbe8\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-minus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-plus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Herakleitos\u2019un Stoa Felsefesine Etkisi\/ Ali T\u0130MU\u00c7\u0130N <\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"e5f4141b2e1b9bbe8\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" araia-labelledby=\"toggle_e5f4141b2e1b9bbe8\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p><strong>\u00d6z<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ephesoslu Herakleitos, Miletoslu filozoflardan t\u00fcm\u00fcyle ayr\u0131 bir felsefe geli\u015ftirmemi\u015ftir. Miletoslular gibi o da \u015feylerin \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klayan bir ilke belirlemi\u015ftir: ate\u015f. Herakleitos ussal d\u00fczeni g\u00f6steren Logos fikriyle daha geni\u015f a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 bir felsefe ortaya koymu\u015ftur. Herakleitos\u2019daki Ate\u015f ve Logos Stoa\u2019da temel ilkelerdir. Herakleitos\u2019un Logos kavray\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n Stoa\u2019y\u0131 ne \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde etkiledi\u011fi g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131r. Logos salt s\u00f6z ya da a\u00e7\u0131klama anlam\u0131yla al\u0131nmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Herakleitos\u2019un Stoac\u0131lara etkisinin daha b\u00fcy\u00fck oldu\u011fu ve onlar gibi fizikten ahlak ve toplum sorunlar\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131labilen bir felsefe geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Buna g\u00f6re Stoa\u2019da da insanlar Logos\u2019a g\u00f6re i\u015fleyen do\u011fal d\u00fczeni kavrad\u0131k\u00e7a toplumsal ya\u015fam\u0131 daha etkili ve uyarl\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde payla\u015f\u0131r, insan s\u00fcrekli kendini ve par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011fu do\u011fay\u0131 tan\u0131ma \u00e7abas\u0131 i\u00e7inde olmal\u0131d\u0131r, her \u015fey kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131yla de\u011ferlendirilebilir, bilgi aray\u0131\u015f\u0131nda olmayan insan de\u011fer \u00fcretemez. Stoa\u2019da daha \u00e7ok dingin bir d\u00fcnyaya ula\u015fma hedefi g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpar. Bu nedenle Herakleitos\u2019un Stoa\u2019ya g\u00f6re \u00f6nemi ussal ya\u015fam\u0131 payla\u015fanlar\u0131n ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir dinginlik aray\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesinde kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131klar\u0131n birli\u011fi ilkesi \u00fczerinden sorgulay\u0131c\u0131 ve geni\u015f a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelere yol a\u00e7mas\u0131ndan gelir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Anahtar Kelimeler:\u00a0<\/strong>Heraklitos, logos, us, d\u00fczen, yasa, Stoac\u0131l\u0131k.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2168-1 .panel-a60c0d7c8a5e6a985 .panel-title a{color:var(--awb-color8);}.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2168-1 .panel-a60c0d7c8a5e6a985 .toggle-content{color:var(--awb-color8);}<\/style><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-a60c0d7c8a5e6a985\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_a60c0d7c8a5e6a985\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"a60c0d7c8a5e6a985\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-2168-1\" data-target=\"#a60c0d7c8a5e6a985\" href=\"#a60c0d7c8a5e6a985\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-minus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-plus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Demokritos\u2019ta Atomculuk ve Siyaset \u0130li\u015fkisi \/ G\u00f6khan MURTEZA <\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"a60c0d7c8a5e6a985\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" araia-labelledby=\"toggle_a60c0d7c8a5e6a985\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p><strong>\u00d6z<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Demokritos, Pre-Sokratik felsefenin son b\u00fcy\u00fck d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. Ortaya koymu\u015f oldu\u011fu atomculuk g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ise onu, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz d\u00fcnya tasavvurunun kurucular\u0131ndan biri haline getirmi\u015ftir. Felsefe tarihi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan atomculuk \u00f6\u011fretisi ile tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, bu \u00f6\u011fretisiyle ilgili Demokritos\u2019un kendi yazd\u0131klar\u0131ndan geriye bir \u015fey kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130lgin\u00e7 bir \u015fekilde bizzat kendisine ait olan fragmanlar\u0131n hemen hemen tamam\u0131 onun ahlak anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131yla ve toplumsal ya\u015fama ili\u015fkin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleriyle ilgilidir. Bu makalede Demokritos felsefesinin geri planda kalm\u0131\u015f bu toplumsal ya\u015fama ili\u015fkin y\u00f6n\u00fc \u00fczerinde durulacakt\u0131r. Bunu yaparken \u00f6ncelikle Demokritos\u2019un genel felsefesini kavray\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131za ili\u015fkin etkenlerin neler oldu\u011fu ele al\u0131nacak, kendisine ait olan fragmanlar\u0131n kaynaklar\u0131na de\u011finilecektir. Ard\u0131ndan ahlaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinin atomcu d\u00fcnya anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131yla ili\u015fkisi kurulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lacak, bu konulardaki fikirlerinin uyumsuz olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve asl\u0131nda bir b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn par\u00e7alar\u0131 olarak okunup anla\u015f\u0131labilece\u011fi g\u00f6sterilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lacakt\u0131r. Son olarak Demokritos\u2019un etik fragmanlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde yer alan sosyo-politik alana ili\u015fkin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131narak buradaki olas\u0131 sistematik bir siyasal e\u011filimin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortaya koyulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Anahtar Kelimeler:\u00a0<\/strong>atomculuk, euthymia, t\u00fdch\u0113, anank\u0113, didakh\u1e17, nomos.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2168-1 .panel-cde2d0ca9db6f8b6c .panel-title a{color:var(--awb-color8);}.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2168-1 .panel-cde2d0ca9db6f8b6c .toggle-content{color:var(--awb-color8);}<\/style><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-cde2d0ca9db6f8b6c\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_cde2d0ca9db6f8b6c\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cde2d0ca9db6f8b6c\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-2168-1\" data-target=\"#cde2d0ca9db6f8b6c\" href=\"#cde2d0ca9db6f8b6c\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-minus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-plus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Demokrtios\u2019un Ahlaka \u0130li\u015fkin G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri \u00dczerine Bir De\u011ferlendirme: Evlat Edinme \u00d6rne\u011fi \/ Fatma Ayperi Tu\u011f\u00e7e \u00d6ZDEM\u0130R &amp; Ekin KAYNAK ILTAR <\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"cde2d0ca9db6f8b6c\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" araia-labelledby=\"toggle_cde2d0ca9db6f8b6c\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p><strong>\u00d6z<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Sokrates \u00f6ncesi d\u00f6nem filozoflar\u0131ndan Demokritos, genellikle atom g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyle bilinen bir filozoftur; ancak bu makalede Demokritos ahlak g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ele al\u0131nacakt\u0131r. D\u00f6nemine g\u00f6re farkl\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen Demokritos, Hindistan, Habe\u015fistan ve Irak gibi pek \u00e7ok yerde bilgiye ula\u015fmak amac\u0131yla bulunmu\u015ftur. Ontoloji konusunda materyalist d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri olsa da ahlak konusunda idealist bir perspektifle kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Ahlak g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli fragmanlara sahiptir. Bu fragmanlar bilgelik \u00f6\u011f\u00fctleri \u015feklinde de ifade edilmektedir. Demokritos, bu \u00f6\u011f\u00fctlerde erdemden, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fckten ve dengeden s\u00f6z etmektedir. Burada da akl\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir role sahip oldu\u011funu ifade etmektedir. Bunun yan\u0131s\u0131ra evlat edinmeyle ilgili fragmanlar\u0131 da bulunmaktad\u0131r. \u0130nsan\u0131n evlat yeti\u015ftirme d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin evlat edinilerek \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenebilecek bir e\u011filim oldu\u011fundan bahsetmektedir. Asl\u0131nda Demokritos\u2019un evlat edinmeyi, evlat sahibi olmaya tercih edilmesi gerekti\u011fini belirtti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Temelde bir kimsenin, kendi ki\u015fisel istekleri olmaks\u0131z\u0131n bir \u00e7ocu\u011fa sahip olamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve yeti\u015ftiremedi\u011fi bilinmektedir. Evlat sahibi olma, Demokritos\u2019a g\u00f6re kontrol edilebilecek ve insan\u0131n bu konuyla ilgili ki\u015fisel taleplerini kar\u015f\u0131layabilecek bir durum olu\u015fturmamaktad\u0131r. Bu nedenle ona g\u00f6re evlat edinme, evlat yeti\u015ftirmeden daha \u00f6nemli olmaktad\u0131r. Bu makalede, Demokritos\u2019un evlat edinme hakk\u0131ndaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri fragmanlar ba\u011flam\u0131nda ele al\u0131narak de\u011ferlendirilecektir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Anahtar Kelimeler:\u00a0<\/strong>Presokratikler, Demokritos, Ahlak Felsefesi, Evlat Yeti\u015ftirme, Evlat Edinme..<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2168-1 .panel-297fc5c95981a0bc6 .panel-title a{color:var(--awb-color8);}.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2168-1 .panel-297fc5c95981a0bc6 .toggle-content{color:var(--awb-color8);}<\/style><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-297fc5c95981a0bc6\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_297fc5c95981a0bc6\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"297fc5c95981a0bc6\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-2168-1\" data-target=\"#297fc5c95981a0bc6\" href=\"#297fc5c95981a0bc6\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-minus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-plus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Esteti\u011fi Ege\u2019e Aramak: Demokritos ve Mousik\u00ea \/ Gamze KESK\u0130N<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"297fc5c95981a0bc6\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" araia-labelledby=\"toggle_297fc5c95981a0bc6\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p><strong>\u00d6z<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Felsefenin i\u00e7inde \u00f6zerk bir alan olarak esteti\u011fin ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 onsekizinci y\u00fczy\u0131la tekab\u00fcl etmektedir. Bu \u00f6zerklik i\u00e7in kaynak arad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda ise Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten\u2019\u0131n Aesthetica adl\u0131 eseri genel bir kabul ile g\u00f6sterilir. Baumgarten, bu eserde duyusal bilgiyi bilim olarak kurma ve g\u00fczel sanatlar\u0131 kavramsal olarak sistematize etme \u00e7abas\u0131n\u0131 ele al\u0131r. Baumgarten\u2019dan sonra Kant, Yarg\u0131 G\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn Ele\u015ftirisi\u2019nde epistemolojik temelli estetik anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 titizlikle in\u015f\u00e2 eder. Dikkatlerden ka\u00e7an nokta \u015fudur: estetik \u00f6zerklik kazanmadan \u00f6nceki d\u00f6nemlerde, \u00f6zellikle felsefenin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk d\u00f6nemlerden beri konu edinilmi\u015ftir. Tarihsel bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131yla sistematik olarak g\u00fczel, sanat ya da sanat\u00e7\u0131 kavramlar\u0131 genellikle Aristoteles ve Platon\u2019a kadar geri g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada ele al\u0131nmak istenen husus ise Pre-Sokratik d\u00f6nem filozoflar\u0131ndan birisi olan Demokritos\u2019un felsefesinde de t\u0131pk\u0131 Baumgarten ve Kant\u2019\u0131n esteti\u011fe yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 gibi izlerin bulundu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektir. Bu t\u00fcrden bir ama\u00e7 i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle Demokritos\u2019un atomcu felsefesinin epistemolojik belirlemeleri ile a\u00edsth\u00easis ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 serimlenecek; daha sonra onun mousik\u00ea ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fi m\u00fczik ve \u015fiir temelli sanat anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n detaylar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k k\u0131l\u0131nacakt\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda, Platon ve Aristoteles\u2019in esteti\u011fi ve Demokritos\u2019un estetik kavray\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki benzerlikler t\u00e9khn\u00ea ve m\u00edm\u00easis terimleri \u00fczerinden g\u00f6sterilecektir. Ayn\u0131 zamanda da Baumgarten ve Kant\u2019\u0131n estetik konusunda durdu\u011fu pozisyonun Demokritos felsefesindeki izleri a\u00e7\u0131klanacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Anahtar Kelimeler:\u00a0<\/strong>Demokritos, estetik, atomculuk, duyum, alg\u0131, sanat, mousik\u00ea<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2168-1 .panel-7d0956ffe38a9eb74 .panel-title a{color:var(--awb-color8);}.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2168-1 .panel-7d0956ffe38a9eb74 .toggle-content{color:var(--awb-color8);}<\/style><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-7d0956ffe38a9eb74\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_7d0956ffe38a9eb74\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"7d0956ffe38a9eb74\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-2168-1\" data-target=\"#7d0956ffe38a9eb74\" href=\"#7d0956ffe38a9eb74\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-minus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-plus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Protagoras ve Demokratik Teori \/ Ogan YUMLU<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"7d0956ffe38a9eb74\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" araia-labelledby=\"toggle_7d0956ffe38a9eb74\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p><strong>\u00d6z<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bu makale, Protagoras ve di\u011fer sofistlerin belirli y\u00f6nlerden \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f demokratik teorinin \u00f6nc\u00fcleri olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclebilece\u011fi iddias\u0131n\u0131 savunacak ve bu iddiay\u0131 iki temel arg\u00fcmanla desteklemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015facakt\u0131r. Birincisi, Protagoras\u2019\u0131n etik ve siyasi ilkelerin belirlenmesine dair \u00f6zc\u00fc olmayan bir yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 benimsemesi; ikincisi, hakikate y\u00f6nelik tekab\u00fcliyet de\u011fil tutarl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne yak\u0131n bir pozisyon almas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda ortaya konulacak bir di\u011fer temel arg\u00fcman, Antik Yunan\u2019da mitos\u2019dan logos\u2019a ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u00fcrecinde logos\u2019a dair iki rakip yorumun ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Bir yorum Protagoras\u2019a ait olan ve insan merkezli yorum iken, di\u011feri Platoncu evren merkezli yorumdur. Bu yorumlardan ilki demokratik teoriye uygun bir zemin haz\u0131rlamaktayken ikincisi, Platon\u2019un Devlet\u2019inde resmedildi\u011fi \u015fekliyle demokrasiye kar\u015f\u0131 bir tutum alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hem logos\u2019un \u00f6zc\u00fc ve \u00f6zc\u00fc olmayan yorumlar\u0131, hem de hakitate dair tekab\u00fcliyet ve tutarl\u0131l\u0131k teorileri aras\u0131ndaki fark\u0131n \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f demokrasi teorileriyle ili\u015fkisi de\u011ferlendirilirken, XX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n \u00f6nemli d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrlerinden J\u00fcrgen Habermas\u2019a referans yap\u0131lacakt\u0131r. Bunun yan\u0131s\u0131ra, \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f demokrasi teorilerinde yeniden merkezi bir noktaya yerle\u015fen \u2018ikna\u2019 kavram\u0131na sofistlerin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 vurgunun alt\u0131 \u00e7izildikten sonra, makalede son olarak iknan\u0131n farkl\u0131 kullan\u0131mlar\u0131na dair bir tart\u0131\u015fmaya yer verilecektir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Anahtar Kelimeler:\u00a0<\/strong>Protagoras, demokrasi, logos, tekab\u00fcliyet teorisi, tutarl\u0131l\u0131k teorisi, ikna.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2168-1 .panel-506a6642e17973d7d .panel-title a{color:var(--awb-color8);}.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2168-1 .panel-506a6642e17973d7d .toggle-content{color:var(--awb-color8);}<\/style><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-506a6642e17973d7d\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_506a6642e17973d7d\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"506a6642e17973d7d\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-2168-1\" data-target=\"#506a6642e17973d7d\" href=\"#506a6642e17973d7d\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-minus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-plus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Aristoteles\u2019e Giden Yolda Presokratik Filozoflar ve Philosophia \/ Cemile BARI\u015eAN<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"506a6642e17973d7d\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" araia-labelledby=\"toggle_506a6642e17973d7d\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p><strong>\u00d6z<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bug\u00fcn h\u00e2l\u00e2 tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 olsa da, Antik Yunan felsefesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Sokrates, kendisinden \u00f6nce ve sonra gelen felsefe tarihi s\u00fcrecini Pre-sokratikler ve Sokrates\u00e7i okullar olarak belirleyen bir filozof olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u00d6zellikle Sokrates\u2019in ki\u015fili\u011finden ve haks\u0131z mahkumiyetinden etkilenerek eserlerini olu\u015fturan ve diyaloglar\u0131nda \u00e7o\u011fu zaman Sokrates\u2019i konu\u015fturan Platon ve \u00f6\u011frencisi Aristoteles ise, felsefenin daha sistematik hale getirilmesini sa\u011flayan filozoflar olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131karlar. Ancak onlar\u0131n eserleriyle bat\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce tarihinde belirleyici olan bilgelik anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve felsefe \u00fczerine geli\u015fen d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler, Sokrates \u00f6ncesi filozoflar ele al\u0131nmadan yeterince anla\u015f\u0131lamaz, ki her iki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr de, zaten Pre-sokratiklerle ilgili bilgileri, eserlerinden b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde elde etmemizi sa\u011flayan bir i\u015flev de g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015flerdir. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, Sokrates \u00f6ncesi filozoflar\u0131n, felsefe ve bilgelik \u00fczerine g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri, Yedi Bilge\u2019den ba\u015flayarak yakalanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, bu a\u00e7\u0131dan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131, felsefenin hem teorik y\u00f6n\u00fc ve hem de pratik y\u00f6n\u00fc \u00fczerinde yo\u011funla\u015fmak suretiyle, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, Aristoteles\u00e7i anlamda \u2018etik\u2019 \u00fczerinde diyebilece\u011fimiz bir \u015fekilde ve bu kavram\u0131n en sonunda onda ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 tan\u0131ma giden yolda Pre-sokratiklerin etkisi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan belirlenmi\u015ftir. Sonu\u00e7 olarak Pre-sokratik filozoflardaki kendini bilme, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck, sars\u0131lmazl\u0131k, bilgelik, adalet gibi kavramlar, Sokrates \u00f6ncesinden, Aristoteles\u2019e dek uzanarak sistematik bir \u015fekilde ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bir \u015fekilde kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kacaktad\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda burada, sophia ve philosophia kavramlar\u0131n\u0131n Platon ve Aristoteles ile Yedi Bilgeler aras\u0131nda bir d\u00f6nemde, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bug\u00fcn Pre-sokratikler olarak okunan filozoflar taraf\u0131ndan bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm yolunda olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerine bir yorum denemesi yap\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Anahtar Kelimeler:\u00a0<\/strong>Felsefe, bilgelik, Yedi Bilge, do\u011fa felsefesi, Pre-sokratik felsefe, Herakleitos, Parmenides, Pythagoras\u00e7\u0131lar pl\u00fcralistler ve Demokritos, Sokrates, Platon, Aristoteles<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2168-1 .panel-d1d798f6c5309f005 .panel-title a{color:var(--awb-color8);}.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2168-1 .panel-d1d798f6c5309f005 .toggle-content{color:var(--awb-color8);}<\/style><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-d1d798f6c5309f005\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_d1d798f6c5309f005\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"d1d798f6c5309f005\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-2168-1\" data-target=\"#d1d798f6c5309f005\" href=\"#d1d798f6c5309f005\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-minus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-plus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Akl\u0131n Yaralar\u0131n\u0131 Sarmak, Do\u011faya D\u00f6nmek ve Metafizi\u011fi A\u015fmak: Nietzsche ve Presokratiklere D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f \u0130deali \/ Sever I\u015eIK<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"d1d798f6c5309f005\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" araia-labelledby=\"toggle_d1d798f6c5309f005\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p><strong>\u00d6z<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Antik Yunan\u2019a d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f ideali Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n ufkunda zaman zaman beliren bir kriz d\u00f6nemi temas\u0131d\u0131r. \u201cTanr\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc\u201dn\u00fc ilan eden Nietzsche, bu \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn ifade etti\u011fi \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcrel krizini dekadans (decadence) kavram\u0131yla niteler. O, kendi \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ele\u015ftirme, yarg\u0131lama ve mahk\u00fbm etme s\u00fcrecinde Antik Yunanl\u0131lar\u0131 modern k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn s\u0131hhatini \u00f6l\u00e7mede bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct olarak kullan\u0131r. Nietzsche\u2019nin Antik Yunan\u2019\u0131 \u201ctrajik \u00e7a\u011f\u201d olarak niteledi\u011fi Presokratiklerle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130lk dekadan (d\u00e9cadent) olan Sokrates ile birlikte, Yunanl\u0131lar\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131 onaylayan sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131, b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u00fc trajik k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc ve sanat\u0131 son bulmu\u015f, onun yerini yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc, g\u00fcd\u00fcleri ve bedeni hor g\u00f6ren rasyonel\/diyalektik metafizik alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Modern k\u00fclt\u00fcr de nihilist karaktere sahip bu k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn bir devam\u0131d\u0131r. Ya\u015fan\u0131lan kriz bir \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f oldu\u011fu kadar yozla\u015fm\u0131\u015f olandan kurtulu\u015f ve gelece\u011fin sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 toplumunun in\u015fas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir f\u0131rsatt\u0131r. Nietzche\u2019ye g\u00f6re k\u00fclt\u00fcrel sa\u011fl\u0131k hekimi olan filozof sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 insan, toplum ve devlet \u00f6rne\u011fi olarak Yunan\u2019\u0131 model almal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu makalede Nietzsche i\u00e7in mevcut nihilizmin sebep oldu\u011fu krizi a\u015fmak ve bug\u00fcn mahrum oldu\u011fumuz sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 insan\u0131 ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc yaratmak amac\u0131yla Antik Yunan\u2019\u0131n ni\u00e7in k\u0131lavuz i\u015flevi g\u00f6rmesi gerekti\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131klanacakt\u0131r. Anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere Nietzsche i\u00e7in Presokratikler ya\u015fam\u0131n ebedi problemleri ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri konusunda y\u00fcksek bir anlay\u0131\u015fa sahiptiler.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Anahtar Kelimeler:\u00a0<\/strong>Antik Yunanl\u0131lar, Sokrates, Presokratikler, Kriz, Dekadans.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-5\"><h3 style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>K\u0130TAP \u0130NCELEMES\u0130<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">#accordion-2168-2 .fusion-panel:hover{ border-color: var(--awb-color3) } #accordion-2168-2 .fusion-panel { border-color:var(--awb-color3); }.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2168-2 .panel-title a .fa-fusion-box{ color: #000000;}.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2168-2 .panel-title a .fa-fusion-box:before{ font-size: 12px; width: 12px;}.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2168-2 .panel-title a{font-size:18px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--awb-color8);font-family:Garamond, serif;font-weight:400;}.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2168-2 .toggle-content{font-size:16px;color:var(--awb-color8);font-family:Garamond, serif;font-weight:400;}.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2168-2 .panel-title a:not(.active):hover, #accordion-2168-2 .fusion-toggle-boxed-mode:hover .panel-title a { color: var(--awb-color5);}.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2168-2 .fusion-toggle-boxed-mode:hover .panel-title a .fa-fusion-box{ color: var(--awb-color5);}.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2168-2.fusion-toggle-icon-unboxed .fusion-panel .panel-title a:not(.active):hover .fa-fusion-box{ color: var(--awb-color5) !important;}<\/style><div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-unboxed\" id=\"accordion-2168-2\"><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2168-2 .panel-83ed91859cae57ce0 .panel-title a{color:var(--awb-color8);}.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2168-2 .panel-83ed91859cae57ce0 .toggle-content{color:var(--awb-color8);}<\/style><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-83ed91859cae57ce0\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_83ed91859cae57ce0\"><a class=\"active\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"83ed91859cae57ce0\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-2168-2\" data-target=\"#83ed91859cae57ce0\" href=\"#83ed91859cae57ce0\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-minus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-plus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Friedrich NIETZSCHE: Sokrates \u00d6ncesi Filozoflar \/ \u0130nceleyen: Ay\u015fe \u0130LDEN TEPE<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"83ed91859cae57ce0\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse in\" araia-labelledby=\"toggle_83ed91859cae57ce0\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-1{width:75% !important;margin-top : 0px;margin-bottom : 20px;}.fusion-builder-column-1 > .fusion-column-wrapper {padding-top : 0px !important;padding-right : 0px !important;margin-right : 2.56%;padding-bottom : 0px !important;padding-left : 0px !important;margin-left : 2.56%;}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-1{width:75% !important;order : 0;}.fusion-builder-column-1 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 2.56%;margin-left : 2.56%;}}@media only screen and (max-width:640px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-1{width:100% !important;order : 0;}.fusion-builder-column-1 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}<\/style><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-flex-container.fusion-builder-row-1{ padding-top : 0px;margin-top : 0px;padding-right : 0px;padding-bottom : 0px;margin-bottom : 0px;padding-left : 0px;}<\/style><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.3 - 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