{"id":2122,"date":"2022-07-11T19:54:38","date_gmt":"2022-07-11T16:54:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.felsefidusun.com\/?page_id=2122"},"modified":"2022-07-12T16:30:44","modified_gmt":"2022-07-12T13:30:44","slug":"z_sayi_17_felsefe-ve-bilim","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.felsefidusun.com\/?page_id=2122","title":{"rendered":"Z_sayi_17_Felsefe ve Bilim"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0);background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 0px;border-color:var(--awb-color3);border-style:solid;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start\" style=\"max-width:1144px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_4 1_4 fusion-flex-column\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.felsefidusun.com\/?page_id=1958\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>&lt;&lt;Ar\u015five d\u00f6n<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><div ><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-1 hover-type-none\"><img width=\"254\" height=\"300\" title=\"Say\u0131:17 &#8211; Felsefe ve Bilim\" src=\"http:\/\/www.felsefidusun.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Fd17_Felsefe-ve-Bilim-1-254x300.jpg\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-2110\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.felsefidusun.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Fd17_Felsefe-ve-Bilim-1-200x236.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.felsefidusun.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Fd17_Felsefe-ve-Bilim-1-400x472.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.felsefidusun.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Fd17_Felsefe-ve-Bilim-1-600x708.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.felsefidusun.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Fd17_Felsefe-ve-Bilim-1-800x944.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.felsefidusun.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Fd17_Felsefe-ve-Bilim-1-1200x1416.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.felsefidusun.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Fd17_Felsefe-ve-Bilim-1.jpg 2040w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\"><p><strong>Felsefi D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn Say\u0131: 17 &#8211; Felsefe ve Bilim \/ Ekim 2021<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Say\u0131 Edit\u00f6r\u00fc: \u015e. Halil TURAN (ODT\u00dc)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><div ><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-2 hover-type-none\"><a class=\"fusion-no-lightbox\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kitapyurdu.com\/dergi\/felsefi-dusun-sayi17-felsefe-ve-bilim\/599294.html&amp;publisher_id=6202\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"shopiconred\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img width=\"40\" height=\"38\" src=\"http:\/\/www.felsefidusun.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/shopiconred-e1657631675159.png\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-1882\"\/><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-has-icon\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:7px;margin-bottom:7px;width:100%;max-width:%80;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"border-color:#000000;border-top-width:1px;\"><\/div><span class=\"icon-wrapper\" style=\"border-color:#000000;background-color:#000000;font-size:16px;width: 1.75em; height: 1.75em;border-width:1px;padding:1px;margin-top:-0.5px\"><i class=\"fa-align-justify fas\" style=\"font-size: inherit;color:var(--awb-color3);\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"border-color:#000000;border-top-width:1px;\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-3\"><p><em>Makalelerin \u00f6zetleri ve anahtar kelimeleri i\u00e7in l\u00fctfen ilgili makalenin ismi \u00fczerine t\u0131klay\u0131n\u0131z.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-0{width:25% !important;margin-top : 0px;margin-bottom : 20px;}.fusion-builder-column-0 > .fusion-column-wrapper {padding-top : 0px !important;padding-right : 0px !important;margin-right : 7.68%;padding-bottom : 0px !important;padding-left : 0px !important;margin-left : 7.68%;}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-0{width:25% !important;order : 0;}.fusion-builder-column-0 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 7.68%;margin-left : 7.68%;}}@media only screen and (max-width:640px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-0{width:100% !important;order : 0;}.fusion-builder-column-0 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}<\/style><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_3_4 3_4 fusion-flex-column\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-4\"><h3 style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>MAKALELER<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">#accordion-2122-1 .fusion-panel:hover{ border-color: var(--awb-color3) } #accordion-2122-1 .fusion-panel { border-color:var(--awb-color3); }.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2122-1 .panel-title a .fa-fusion-box{ color: #000000;}.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2122-1 .panel-title a .fa-fusion-box:before{ font-size: 12px; width: 12px;}.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2122-1 .panel-title a{font-size:18px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--awb-color8);font-family:Garamond, serif;font-weight:400;}.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2122-1 .toggle-content{font-size:16px;color:var(--awb-color8);font-family:Garamond, serif;font-weight:400;}.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2122-1 .panel-title a:not(.active):hover, #accordion-2122-1 .fusion-toggle-boxed-mode:hover .panel-title a { color: var(--awb-color5);}.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2122-1 .fusion-toggle-boxed-mode:hover .panel-title a .fa-fusion-box{ color: var(--awb-color5);}.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2122-1.fusion-toggle-icon-unboxed .fusion-panel .panel-title a:not(.active):hover .fa-fusion-box{ color: var(--awb-color5) !important;}<\/style><div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-unboxed\" id=\"accordion-2122-1\"><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2122-1 .panel-b57845a1eb852f4b2 .panel-title a{color:var(--awb-color8);}.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2122-1 .panel-b57845a1eb852f4b2 .toggle-content{color:var(--awb-color8);}<\/style><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-b57845a1eb852f4b2\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_b57845a1eb852f4b2\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"b57845a1eb852f4b2\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-2122-1\" data-target=\"#b57845a1eb852f4b2\" href=\"#b57845a1eb852f4b2\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-minus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-plus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Yap\u0131lar\u0131n Katlanmas\u0131 ve Modalite Kural\u0131 \/ Majid BENI <\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"b57845a1eb852f4b2\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" araia-labelledby=\"toggle_b57845a1eb852f4b2\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p><strong>\u00d6z<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Adrien Doerig, Aaron Schurger, Kathryn Hess ve Michael H. Herzog, bilincin nedensel yap\u0131 teorilerine g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ele\u015ftiri getirmi\u015ftir. Onlar\u0131n serimleme arg\u00fcmanlar\u0131, fenomenal yap\u0131lar ile fiziksel olanlar aras\u0131ndaki e\u015fbi\u00e7imlili\u011fe dayanan nedensel yap\u0131 teorilerinin yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermeyi ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r. Bu makalede, serimleme arg\u00fcman\u0131n asl\u0131nda eski bir ele\u015ftirinin yeni bir \u015fekilde dillendirilmi\u015f h\u00e2li oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorum. Newman itiraz\u0131n\u0131n (bilim felsefesi ba\u011flam\u0131nda) ve s\u0131radanl\u0131k probleminin (zihinsel temsil teorilerini hedef al\u0131\u015f \u015fekliyle) serimleme arg\u00fcman\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nceledi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcr\u00fcyorum. Konuyla ilgili literat\u00fcr\u00fc inceleyerek, bu iki \u00f6nc\u00fcl itiraz\u0131n, bilimsel yap\u0131lar veya temsili yap\u0131lara ili\u015fkin a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131nda modalitelere ve kar\u015f\u0131-olgusall\u0131\u011fa ba\u015fvurarak asl\u0131nda nas\u0131l ge\u00e7erliliklerini yitirdi\u011fini g\u00f6steriyorum. Son olarak, ayn\u0131 stratejiyi ben de serimleme arg\u00fcman\u0131 ile u\u011fra\u015f\u0131rken kullan\u0131yorum. B\u00f6ylece (kar\u015f\u0131-olgusal ko\u015fulluluklar ile ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak tan\u0131mlanan) modal yap\u0131lar\u0131n serimleme arg\u00fcman\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcstesinden gelmeye nas\u0131l yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorum.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Anahtar Kelimeler:\u00a0<\/strong>nedensel yap\u0131, bilin\u00e7, modal yap\u0131lar, kar\u015f\u0131-olgusal ko\u015fulluluklar, entegre enformasyon.<\/p>\n<p><em>\u00c7eviren: G\u00f6khan MURTEZA<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2122-1 .panel-1f911d56dae8eaf52 .panel-title a{color:var(--awb-color8);}.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2122-1 .panel-1f911d56dae8eaf52 .toggle-content{color:var(--awb-color8);}<\/style><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-1f911d56dae8eaf52\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_1f911d56dae8eaf52\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"1f911d56dae8eaf52\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-2122-1\" data-target=\"#1f911d56dae8eaf52\" href=\"#1f911d56dae8eaf52\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-minus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-plus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">The Folding of Structures and The Rule of Modalities \/ Majid BENI<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"1f911d56dae8eaf52\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" araia-labelledby=\"toggle_1f911d56dae8eaf52\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>\u2018Yap\u0131lar\u0131n Katlanmas\u0131 ve Modalite Kural\u0131 \/ Majid BENI\u2019 isimli makalenin \u0130ngilizce orijinali.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2122-1 .panel-d9a4d8d233308fc7d .panel-title a{color:var(--awb-color8);}.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2122-1 .panel-d9a4d8d233308fc7d .toggle-content{color:var(--awb-color8);}<\/style><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-d9a4d8d233308fc7d\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_d9a4d8d233308fc7d\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"d9a4d8d233308fc7d\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-2122-1\" data-target=\"#d9a4d8d233308fc7d\" href=\"#d9a4d8d233308fc7d\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-minus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-plus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Do\u011fa Yasalar\u0131 ve Bilimsel \u00d6zc\u00fcl\u00fck \u00dczerine \/ Samet B\u00dcY\u00dcKADA<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"d9a4d8d233308fc7d\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" araia-labelledby=\"toggle_d9a4d8d233308fc7d\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p><strong>\u00d6z<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Do\u011fa yasalar\u0131na ili\u015fkin farkl\u0131 kuramlar David Hume\u2019un nedensellik ve d\u00fczenlilik \u00fczerine g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinin kabul\u00fcne ya da reddedilmesine dayan\u0131r. Nesnelerin kategorik ya da istidad\u0131 \u00f6zelliklerini merkeze alan iki ana g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ften bahsedebiliriz: Kategorik g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re do\u011fa yasalar\u0131, \u00f6zelliklerin \u00f6zlerinde temellendirilmeyip aksine kategorik \u00f6zellikler aras\u0131ndaki metafiziksel olumsal ili\u015fkiler olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131r. Bu ili\u015fkiler, misal, David Lewis\u2019e g\u00f6re F\u2019nin d\u00fczenli olarak G taraf\u0131ndan izlendi\u011fi, k\u0131saca\u00a0<em>R(F,G)\u00a0<\/em>bi\u00e7imdeki,\u00a0<em>d\u00fczenlilik<\/em>tir. David Armstrong i\u00e7in ise yasalar t\u00fcmeller aras\u0131nda bulunan olumsal\u00a0<em>al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f zorunlulu\u011fun\u00a0<\/em>\u00f6zel bir ikinci-d\u00fczey\u00a0<em>N(F,G)\u00a0<\/em>ili\u015fkisidir. Di\u011fer bir h\u00e2kim g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ise yasalar\u0131n nesnelerin sahip oldu\u011fu istidad\u0131 \u00f6zellikler taraf\u0131ndan belirlendi\u011fini ve do\u011fa yasalar\u0131n\u0131n metafiziksel zorunlu oldu\u011funu savunan\u00a0<em>istidad\u0131 \u00f6zc\u00fcl\u00fck\u00a0<\/em>kuramlar\u0131d\u0131r. Son y\u0131llarda birbirinden farkl\u0131 pek \u00e7ok \u00f6zc\u00fc kuram, gerek do\u011fa yasalar\u0131na gerekse de nesnelere ait \u00f6zelliklere ili\u015fkin farkl\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamalar getirmektedir. Bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda amac\u0131m\u0131z, istidad\u0131 \u00f6zc\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrlerden Brian Ellis\u2019in istidad\u0131 \u00f6zelliklere y\u00fckledi\u011fi anlamdan hareketle tesis etti\u011fi\u00a0<em>bilimsel \u00f6zc\u00fcl\u00fck\u00a0<\/em>anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131, do\u011fa yasas\u0131 yorumu \u00f6zelinde\u00a0<em>d\u00fczenlilik\u00a0<\/em>ve\u00a0<em>al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f zorunluluk\u00a0<\/em>kuramlar\u0131 ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rarak bilimsel \u00f6zc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn di\u011fer kuramlara nazaran ne t\u00fcr yenilikler sundu\u011funu tart\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Anahtar Kelimeler:<\/strong>\u00a0Do\u011fa yasalar\u0131, bilimsel \u00f6zc\u00fcl\u00fck, David Lewis, David Armstrong, Brian Ellis, istidat.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2122-1 .panel-652c0e8d16a1395fb .panel-title a{color:var(--awb-color8);}.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2122-1 .panel-652c0e8d16a1395fb .toggle-content{color:var(--awb-color8);}<\/style><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-652c0e8d16a1395fb\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_652c0e8d16a1395fb\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"652c0e8d16a1395fb\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-2122-1\" data-target=\"#652c0e8d16a1395fb\" href=\"#652c0e8d16a1395fb\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-minus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-plus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Bilim Felsefesine Ekolojik Bir Yakla\u015f\u0131m: Bruno Latour\u2019un \u00c7o\u011fulcu Kavramlar\u0131 \/ Eylem CANASLAN<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"652c0e8d16a1395fb\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" araia-labelledby=\"toggle_652c0e8d16a1395fb\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p><strong>\u00d6z<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bruno Latour bilim, teknoloji, felsefe ve politika aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkilerin, i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fumuz \u00e7evre felaketleri \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda, kendisinin benimsedi\u011fi deyimle Yeni \u0130klim Rejimi\u2019nde, yerk\u00fcrenin insani eylemlere verdi\u011fi tepkiler \u00fczerinden yeniden de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr. Klasik \u00e7evrecilikten olduk\u00e7a farkl\u0131 olan Latourcu politik ekoloji, \u00f6zg\u00fcn bir kavramlar dizisine sahiptir. Bu makale bu diziyi olu\u015fturan en \u00f6nemli yenilikleri ve sorgulamalar\u0131 incelemektedir. \u0130lk k\u0131s\u0131m Latour\u2019un \u201cpolitik ekoloji\u201d kavram\u0131n\u0131 ele al\u0131r, bunun daha \u00f6nceki ekolojik yakla\u015f\u0131mlardan farklar\u0131n\u0131 vurgular. Latour\u2019un \u201cDo\u011fa\u201d kavram\u0131na getirdi\u011fi sorgulamay\u0131 ve b\u00fcy\u00fck harfle ba\u015flayan Bilim ile \u00e7o\u011ful h\u00e2lde bilimler (veya bilimsel \u00fcretim) aras\u0131nda g\u00f6zetti\u011fi ayr\u0131m\u0131 irdeler. Latour son d\u00f6nem ekolojik felsefesinde, James Lovelock\u2019un \u201cGaia hipotezi\u201dni benimsemi\u015f ve onu bir felsefi kavram olarak geli\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Bu kavram\u0131n daha iyi anla\u015f\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in ikinci k\u0131s\u0131m b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle Lovelock\u2019un \u201cGaia hipotezi\u201dne ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Son olarak \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc k\u0131s\u0131m ise \u00f6nce Latour\u2019un Gaia kavram\u0131 \u00fczerinde durur, ard\u0131ndan insan ve insan-olmayan aras\u0131nda faillik bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ayr\u0131m g\u00f6zetmeyen ve Latour\u2019un bilim sosyolojisine yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemde \u201cakt\u00f6r-a\u011f-teorisi\u201d olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cda\u011f\u0131l\u0131msal faillik\u201d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ve bunun ekolojik i\u00e7erimlerini tart\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Latour\u2019un kendi da\u011f\u0131l\u0131msal faillik anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 Gaia teorisine nas\u0131l uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 inceler.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Anahtar Kelimeler:<\/strong>\u00a0Bruno Latour, James Lovelock, Gaia, politik ekoloji, da\u011f\u0131l\u0131msal faillik, Bilim ve bilimler ayr\u0131m\u0131.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2122-1 .panel-134f6d3ff94317576 .panel-title a{color:var(--awb-color8);}.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2122-1 .panel-134f6d3ff94317576 .toggle-content{color:var(--awb-color8);}<\/style><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-134f6d3ff94317576\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_134f6d3ff94317576\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"134f6d3ff94317576\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-2122-1\" data-target=\"#134f6d3ff94317576\" href=\"#134f6d3ff94317576\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-minus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-plus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Bilim ve Tinsellik: Feminist Bilim Tasar\u0131mlar\u0131nda Do\u011fa ve \u0130nsan \/ Ezgi Ece \u00c7EL\u0130K<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"134f6d3ff94317576\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" araia-labelledby=\"toggle_134f6d3ff94317576\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p><strong>\u00d6z<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Yayg\u0131n olarak kabul g\u00f6ren pozitivist bilim tasar\u0131m\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 alternatif bilim tasar\u0131mlar\u0131 geli\u015ftirmek ve bu tasar\u0131mlar\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmaya a\u00e7mak, do\u011fa ve insan ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmezden gelen politikalar\u0131n ve teknolojik geli\u015fmelerin insan\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00e7ok daha \u00f6nemli h\u00e2le gelmi\u015ftir. Canl\u0131l\u0131k a\u011f\u0131ndaki ba\u011flant\u0131lara odaklanan farkl\u0131 bilimsel yakla\u015f\u0131mlar, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya olunan \u00e7evresel ve toplumsal adaletsizliklere ve krizlere dair tart\u0131\u015fmalar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ufuk a\u00e7\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, gerek toplumsal gerek \u00e7evresel a\u00e7\u0131dan krize yol a\u00e7an mekanik bilim tasar\u0131mlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 ekolojik a\u011f modellerini temele alan bilimsel yakla\u015f\u0131mlara yer verilecek ve bu konu \u00f6zellikle Vandana Shiva, Val Plumwood, Isabelle Stengers ve Vinciane Despret gibi feminist bilim felsefecilerinin ve ekofeminist d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrlerin ele\u015ftirileriyle tart\u0131\u015fmaya a\u00e7\u0131lacakt\u0131r. Bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrlerin yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131nda ortak tema, bilimselli\u011fe tinselli\u011fi dahil etme \u00e7abas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu \u00e7aba, y\u00fczy\u0131llar i\u00e7inde giderek peki\u015fen d\u00fcalist d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u015farak, maddeyi ve tini, do\u011fay\u0131 ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc, bedeni ve akl\u0131 ba\u011flant\u0131sall\u0131k i\u00e7inde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Bu bak\u0131mdan, \u00f6nce konuya ili\u015fkin tarihsel arka-plana de\u011finilecek, ard\u0131ndan Shiva\u2019n\u0131n \u201cspirit\u00fcel bilim\u201d \u00f6nerisinin, Plumwood\u2019un \u201canimist materyalizm\u201dinin ve Stengers ile Despret\u2019nin \u201cmetodolojik animizm\u201dinin katk\u0131lar\u0131na odaklan\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Anahtar Kelimeler:<\/strong>\u00a0Bilim, tinsellik, animizm, Vandana Shiva, Val Plumwood, Isabelle Stengers, Vinciane Despret.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2122-1 .panel-97d4723d26d00468a .panel-title a{color:var(--awb-color8);}.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2122-1 .panel-97d4723d26d00468a .toggle-content{color:var(--awb-color8);}<\/style><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-97d4723d26d00468a\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_97d4723d26d00468a\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"97d4723d26d00468a\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-2122-1\" data-target=\"#97d4723d26d00468a\" href=\"#97d4723d26d00468a\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-minus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-plus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Bilimin Ate\u015f H\u0131rs\u0131zlar\u0131: Hume, Saussure ve Kuhn \/ Bar\u0131\u015fcan DEM\u0130R<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"97d4723d26d00468a\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" araia-labelledby=\"toggle_97d4723d26d00468a\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p><strong>\u00d6z<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi paradigmalar kuram\u0131yla Thomas Kuhn, bilimin sabit bir k\u00f6keni ya da mutlak bir amac\u0131 ve bu ama\u00e7 do\u011frultusunda da birikerek ilerleyen bir geli\u015fimi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na i\u015faret eden ilk fig\u00fcr gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr. Bu durum, bilimi idealizmin i\u00e7ine s\u00fcr\u00fckledi\u011fi a\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131ktan kurtararak d\u00fcnyevile\u015ftiren Kuhn\u2019u da t\u0131pk\u0131 Prometheus gibi gelene\u011fin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki bir ate\u015f h\u0131rs\u0131z\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirmemize izin verir. Bilim \u00f6zelinde durum ger\u00e7ekten b\u00f6yle olsa da, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin geli\u015fiminin yaln\u0131zca kendi i\u00e7sel ili\u015fkileri \u00fczerinden de\u011ferlendirilebilecek olan modellerde g\u00f6zlenebilece\u011fi fikri Kuhn\u2019la birlikte ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f de\u011fildir. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, Kuhn\u2019un bilim alan\u0131nda s\u00f6z konusu etti\u011fi model d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesine ate\u015f ta\u015f\u0131yan iki h\u0131rs\u0131z\u0131n daha oldu\u011fu belirgin h\u00e2le getirilecektir. \u0130lk ve son neden gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na alarak, sahici bir metafizi\u011fin yaln\u0131zca izlenimlerden ve bu izlenimler aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkilerden yola \u00e7\u0131karak olu\u015fturulabilece\u011fini ortaya koymu\u015f olan David Hume\u2019un, s\u00f6z konusu model d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin geli\u015fimine y\u00f6n veren ilk ate\u015f h\u0131rs\u0131z\u0131 oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir. Bir di\u011fer h\u0131rs\u0131z ise, 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sessiz devrimcisi Ferdinand de Saussure\u2019d\u00fcr. Bir yandan g\u00f6stergenin nedensizli\u011fini vurgulayan Saussure, ayn\u0131 zamanda dilin bir de\u011ferler dizgesi oldu\u011funu ve g\u00f6stergenin de\u011fi\u015fmezli\u011finin de yaln\u0131zca belli modeller i\u00e7in s\u00f6z konusu olabilece\u011fini ortaya koymu\u015ftur. B\u00f6ylece bu sessiz devrimci, daha sonra Kuhn\u2019la birlikte bilim alan\u0131nda par\u0131ldayacak olan model d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesine ya da daha genel ad\u0131yla yap\u0131salc\u0131 devrime ate\u015fi ta\u015f\u0131yan as\u0131l fig\u00fcr olarak belirmi\u015f olur.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Anahtar Kelimeler:\u00a0<\/strong>Hume, Saussure, Kuhn, Prometheus, g\u00f6stergebilim, ate\u015f h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131, nedensellik, dizimsel ve \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015f\u0131msal ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131lar.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2122-1 .panel-e7e3c1836fb7d12a3 .panel-title a{color:var(--awb-color8);}.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2122-1 .panel-e7e3c1836fb7d12a3 .toggle-content{color:var(--awb-color8);}<\/style><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-e7e3c1836fb7d12a3\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_e7e3c1836fb7d12a3\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e7e3c1836fb7d12a3\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-2122-1\" data-target=\"#e7e3c1836fb7d12a3\" href=\"#e7e3c1836fb7d12a3\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-minus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-plus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Varl\u0131k ve Zaman\u2019da Mek\u00e2nsall\u0131k \u00dczerine \/ Musa DUMAN<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"e7e3c1836fb7d12a3\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" araia-labelledby=\"toggle_e7e3c1836fb7d12a3\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p><strong>\u00d6z<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bu yaz\u0131 Martin Heidegger\u2019in\u00a0<em>Varl\u0131k ve Zaman<\/em>\u2019da ortaya koydu\u011fu mek\u00e2nsall\u0131k d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini ele\u015ftirel bir bak\u0131\u015fla m\u00fctalaa etmektedir. Heidegger\u00a0<em>Varl\u0131k ve Zaman<\/em>\u2019da (\u00a7\u00a7 22-24) g\u00fcndelik tecr\u00fcbenin yer alg\u0131s\u0131na dayanan, bo\u015f ve homojen mek\u00e2n\u0131 (uzay\u0131) sistematik olarak d\u0131\u015flayan bir mek\u00e2n tasavvuru ortaya koymu\u015ftur. Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m, esas itibariyle mek\u00e2n\u0131 bir referansiyel sistem olarak d\u00fcnya a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr. Buna g\u00f6re, bilim ve matemati\u011fin ve Descartes\u2019tan Kant\u2019a bir\u00e7ok felsefi teorinin kavramla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve say\u0131lt\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 mek\u00e2n yapay bir in\u015fadan ibarettir. Buna mukabil, Heideggerci anlamda mek\u00e2n, yani yer olarak mek\u00e2n, t\u00fcm boyutlar\u0131yla insan varolu\u015funda, onun pratik karakterinde, \u201cd\u00fcnya-da-olma\u201d fenomeninde temellenmektedir. Dasein\u2019\u0131n mek\u00e2nsall\u0131\u011f\u0131 onun asli varl\u0131k yap\u0131lar\u0131ndan birisidir. Ancak bu somut tecr\u00fcbeye dayal\u0131 mek\u00e2n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesine ra\u011fmen Heidegger, ilgin\u00e7 bir \u015fekilde, bedenin mek\u00e2n\u0131 konst\u00fcte etme ve yaratmadaki rol\u00fcn\u00fc ihmal etmi\u015ftir. Husserl ise insan\u0131n mek\u00e2nsall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kavramsalla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rken m\u00fcnhas\u0131ran bedenin bu noktadaki kritik i\u015flevine odaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Anahtar kelimeler:<\/strong>\u00a0mek\u00e2nsall\u0131k, yer, uzay, referansiyel sistem, pratik, beden, d\u00fcnya-da-olma.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2122-1 .panel-72ed98f8d75fac204 .panel-title a{color:var(--awb-color8);}.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2122-1 .panel-72ed98f8d75fac204 .toggle-content{color:var(--awb-color8);}<\/style><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-72ed98f8d75fac204\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_72ed98f8d75fac204\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"72ed98f8d75fac204\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-2122-1\" data-target=\"#72ed98f8d75fac204\" href=\"#72ed98f8d75fac204\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-minus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-plus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Bilim Felsefesinde Theoriadan Tekni\u011fe Ge\u00e7i\u015f \u00dczerine Genel Bir De\u011ferlendirme \/ Elife KILI\u00c7<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"72ed98f8d75fac204\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" araia-labelledby=\"toggle_72ed98f8d75fac204\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p><strong>\u00d6z<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bilimin anlam ve amac\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftik\u00e7e, buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak bilimsel s\u00fcre\u00e7ler ve y\u00f6ntemler de de\u011fi\u015fmektedir. Bilim, \u00f6zellikle Aristoteles\u2019te varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ilk ilke ve nedenlerini bilme, varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tema\u015fa (<em>theoria<\/em>) \u00fczerinden ele al\u0131n\u0131rken, zamanla bu anlam\u0131n yerini daha \u00e7ok prati\u011fe, tekni\u011fe (<em>tekhne<\/em>) b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.Tekni\u011fin \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 ve b\u00f6ylelikle varl\u0131\u011fa y\u00f6nelik olan yak\u0131n ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesi, \u00f6zellikle do\u011fa bilimlerinde de do\u011fan\u0131n tamamen el alt\u0131nda olan bir unsur olarak anlamland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p insan\u0131n yarar\u0131 i\u00e7in ara\u00e7salla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na sebep olmu\u015ftur. Martin Heidegger ve J\u00fcrgen Habermas gibi isimlerin de dikkat \u00e7ekti\u011fi \u00fczere, tekni\u011fin bilime d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi ve bilimin art\u0131k end\u00fcstri, ekonomi ile yak\u0131n ili\u015fkili olmas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusudur. Bunlar\u0131n sonucu olarak da bilimin ideoloji olarak tekni\u011fe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi, \u00e7evre felaketleri, k\u00e2r ama\u00e7l\u0131 bilimsel etkinliklerin artmas\u0131 gibi sorunlar ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu incelemede, bilimsel yakla\u015f\u0131mdaki bu de\u011fi\u015fim s\u00fcreci ve bu s\u00fcrecin do\u011furdu\u011fu sorunlar ele al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. Bu sorunlar\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131, bilim ve felsefe aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkinin, bilimin do\u011fay\u0131 nas\u0131l g\u00f6r\u00fcp temellendirdi\u011finin ve do\u011faya hangi ama\u00e7larla yakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde belirlenmesine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Anahtar Kelimeler:<\/strong>\u00a0Bilim felsefesi, theoria, teknik, praksis, bilim, felsefe<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2122-1 .panel-0889dc587bce98fe0 .panel-title a{color:var(--awb-color8);}.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2122-1 .panel-0889dc587bce98fe0 .toggle-content{color:var(--awb-color8);}<\/style><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-0889dc587bce98fe0\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_0889dc587bce98fe0\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"0889dc587bce98fe0\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-2122-1\" data-target=\"#0889dc587bce98fe0\" href=\"#0889dc587bce98fe0\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-minus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-plus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Rudolf Carnap ve Thomas S. Khun: Bilimsel Devrim \u00dczerine \u0130ki G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f \/ Furkan Yasin K\u00d6Z<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"0889dc587bce98fe0\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" araia-labelledby=\"toggle_0889dc587bce98fe0\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p><strong>\u00d6z<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, Thomas Kuhn ve Rudolf Carnap\u2019\u0131n bilimsel devrim fikrine ili\u015fkin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri, onlar\u0131n ortaya koyduklar\u0131 arg\u00fcmanlar \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ele al\u0131nacakt\u0131r. \u0130lkin, Kuhn nezdinde bilimsel devrim, paradigma ve e\u015f\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclemezlik kavramlar\u0131n\u0131 gerektirir. Di\u011fer taraftan, Carnap\u2019ta ise bilimsel devrim, nesnelerin tan\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 ve ili\u015fkilerini belirleyen t\u00fcm bilimsel kuramlar\u0131n dilsel \u00e7er\u00e7evesine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelir. Bununla birlikte Carnap, bilimsel kuramlar\u0131n birbirleriyle e\u015f-\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclemez oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden, kuramlar aras\u0131ndaki se\u00e7im s\u00fcrecini mant\u0131ksal olarak g\u00f6rmekten ziyade salt pragmatik ko\u015fullara dayand\u0131r\u0131r. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma i\u00e7erisinde, genel ve \u00f6z bir \u00e7er\u00e7eve kapsam\u0131nda s\u0131ras\u0131yla \u015fu sorular\u0131n cevaplar\u0131 verilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lacakt\u0131r: (1) Kuhn ve Carnap, bilimsel devrim kavram\u0131n\u0131 ayn\u0131 anlama referansta bulunur bi\u00e7imde mi kullanmaktad\u0131r? (2) Yoksa felsefelerinde \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kan bu kavram her ikisi i\u00e7in de olduk\u00e7a farkl\u0131 anlamlara m\u0131 sahiptir? (3) E\u011fer s\u00f6z konusu bilimsel devrim kavram\u0131 her ikisi i\u00e7in de farkl\u0131 anlamlara geliyorsa, gerek Kuhn gerekse Carnap\u2019\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri birbirleriyle nas\u0131l kesi\u015ftirilebilir? Bu makalede esas ama\u00e7, Kuhn ve Carnap\u2019\u0131n kavramsalla\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131n farkl\u0131 isimlendirmelere tabi olmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen birbirleriyle \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclebilir olup olmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmaya a\u00e7arak detayland\u0131rmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Anahtar Kelimeler:<\/strong>\u00a0Bilimsel devrim, paradigma, e\u015f-\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclemezlik, dilsel-\u00e7er\u00e7eve, \u00e7evrilemezlik, post\u00fcla, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k kurallar\u0131, holizm.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2122-1 .panel-f6b40c682dd4e24a9 .panel-title a{color:var(--awb-color8);}.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2122-1 .panel-f6b40c682dd4e24a9 .toggle-content{color:var(--awb-color8);}<\/style><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-f6b40c682dd4e24a9\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_f6b40c682dd4e24a9\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"f6b40c682dd4e24a9\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-2122-1\" data-target=\"#f6b40c682dd4e24a9\" href=\"#f6b40c682dd4e24a9\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-minus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-plus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">\u0130htiyatl\u0131 (De\u011fer Y\u00fckl\u00fc) Bilim: Ger\u00e7ek Bilim veya Bilim D\u0131\u015f\u0131 \/ Mahmut \u00d6ZER &amp; Ayhan SOL<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"f6b40c682dd4e24a9\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" araia-labelledby=\"toggle_f6b40c682dd4e24a9\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p><strong>\u00d6z<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bilim ya\u015fam\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 bi\u00e7imlendiren en \u00f6nemli insan etkinliklerinden birisi, belki de en \u00f6nemlisidir. Ancak bilimlerin ve onun \u00e7e\u015fitli uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n insan ya\u015fam\u0131na olumlu katk\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda insan ve \u00e7evre sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerinde pek \u00e7ok olumsuz etkilerinin de oldu\u011fu tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bilim ve uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00e7evre \u00fczerindeki olumsuz etkilerinin her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn daha \u00e7ok g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr h\u00e2le gelmesi, bilim-de\u011fer ili\u015fkisini yeniden \u00f6nemli bir tart\u0131\u015fma ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00e2line getirmi\u015ftir. \u0130htiyat ilkesi bilim-de\u011fer ili\u015fkisi \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n oda\u011f\u0131nda yer alan kavramlardan biridir. Biz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131zda \u00f6nce bilim-de\u011fer ili\u015fkisini, bilimin de\u011ferden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir etkinlik olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilim tarihi ve felsefesi perspektifinden ele al\u0131yor ve bilimlerin hem epistemik hem de epistemik olmayan de\u011ferler i\u00e7erdi\u011fini savunuyoruz. Daha sonra ihtiyat ilkesini ele al\u0131yor ve onun bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n y\u00f6ntembilimsel bir bile\u015feni h\u00e2line getirilmesinin olas\u0131 nedenleri ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00fczerinde duruyoruz. Son olarak, bilim-de\u011fer ili\u015fkisinin, ihtiyat ilkesi \u00f6rne\u011finde oldu\u011fu gibi etik temelli kurulmas\u0131 durumunda bilim ve uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00e7evre \u00fczerindeki olumsuz etkilerinin azalt\u0131labilece\u011fini ve bilimin insan mutlulu\u011funa daha \u00e7ok katk\u0131 sa\u011flayabilece\u011fini tart\u0131\u015f\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Anahtar Kelimeler:<\/strong>\u00a0de\u011fer y\u00fckl\u00fc bilim, epistemik de\u011fer, epistemik olmayan de\u011fer, ihtiyat ilkesi, ihtiyatl\u0131 bilim, mutluluk\/iyi ya\u015fam.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2122-1 .panel-9e8fa1eeeeb69a6a2 .panel-title a{color:var(--awb-color8);}.fusion-accordian  #accordion-2122-1 .panel-9e8fa1eeeeb69a6a2 .toggle-content{color:var(--awb-color8);}<\/style><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-9e8fa1eeeeb69a6a2\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_9e8fa1eeeeb69a6a2\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"9e8fa1eeeeb69a6a2\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-2122-1\" data-target=\"#9e8fa1eeeeb69a6a2\" href=\"#9e8fa1eeeeb69a6a2\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon fa-minus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon fa-plus fas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Bilgide Nesnellik ve Ger\u00e7eklik Sorunu: 3 D\u00fcnya Kuram\u0131 \/ Seda \u00d6ZSOY SOMUNCUO\u011eLU<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"9e8fa1eeeeb69a6a2\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" araia-labelledby=\"toggle_9e8fa1eeeeb69a6a2\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p><strong>\u00d6z<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bilim felsefesine y\u00f6nelik ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara g\u00f6z at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ba\u015fl\u0131ca tart\u0131\u015fma alanlar\u0131ndan birinin s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rma ayrac\u0131 oldu\u011fu belirginlik kazan\u0131r. Viyana \u00c7evresi olarak bilinen mant\u0131ksal pozitivistlerin bilim ile s\u00f6zde bilim\/sahte bilimi ay\u0131rma noktas\u0131nda \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fckleri do\u011frulanabilirlik ilkesi, bir ayra\u00e7\/\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct olarak anlam sorununun giderilmesi ba\u011flam\u0131nda epistemolojik savlar\u0131n temelinde yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Viyana \u00c7evresi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrleri, felsefeyi bilimselle\u015ftirmek di\u011fer bir ifadeyle metafizikle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7erikleri felsefeden ar\u0131nd\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla mant\u0131k ve dil merkezli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k vermi\u015flerdir. Yeni bir bilimsel y\u00f6ntem olu\u015fturulmas\u0131, ger\u00e7ekli\u011fe ili\u015fkin tatmin edici bir a\u00e7\u0131klaman\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ad\u0131na \u00f6ncelikli olmu\u015ftur. Ancak bu yakla\u015f\u0131m tarz\u0131, Karl R. Popper taraf\u0131ndan ele\u015ftiriye tabi tutulmu\u015f ve do\u011frulamac\u0131 t\u00fcmevar\u0131mc\u0131 bilimin reddi ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Bu do\u011frultuda Popper, klasik g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerin yerine yanl\u0131\u015flanabilirlik ilkesini, ele\u015ftirel ak\u0131lc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, kendi nesnellik ve ger\u00e7eklik anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 koymu\u015ftur. Bu makale, yanl\u0131\u015flanabilirlik ve ele\u015ftirel ak\u0131lc\u0131l\u0131k gibi kavramla\u015ft\u0131rmalar ekseninde Popper\u2019\u0131n epistemolojisini incelemeyi ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r. Bunlarla ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u00fcn bilgide nesnellik ve ger\u00e7eklik hakk\u0131ndaki fikirleri ele al\u0131nacakt\u0131r. Ger\u00e7eklik problemi s\u00f6z konusu edildi\u011finde ise Popper\u2019\u0131n birbirinden farkl\u0131 i\u00e7eriklere sahip fakat birbiriyle etkile\u015fimde olan 3 D\u00fcnya kuram\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kar. 3 D\u00fcnya kuram\u0131n\u0131n ana hatlar\u0131yla de\u011ferlendirilmesi, makalenin oda\u011f\u0131nda bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Anahtar Kelimeler:<\/strong>\u00a0Karl R. Popper, yanl\u0131\u015flanabilirlik, ele\u015ftirel ak\u0131lc\u0131l\u0131k, nesnellik, ger\u00e7eklik, 3 D\u00fcnya kuram\u0131.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-1{width:75% !important;margin-top : 0px;margin-bottom : 20px;}.fusion-builder-column-1 > .fusion-column-wrapper {padding-top : 0px !important;padding-right : 0px !important;margin-right : 2.56%;padding-bottom : 0px !important;padding-left : 0px !important;margin-left : 2.56%;}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-1{width:75% !important;order : 0;}.fusion-builder-column-1 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 2.56%;margin-left : 2.56%;}}@media only screen and (max-width:640px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-1{width:100% !important;order : 0;}.fusion-builder-column-1 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}<\/style><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-flex-container.fusion-builder-row-1{ padding-top : 0px;margin-top : 0px;padding-right : 0px;padding-bottom : 0px;margin-bottom : 0px;padding-left : 0px;}<\/style><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.3 - 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